Insulin remains indispensable to the treatment of diabetes, but its availability in injectable form only has hampered its timely and broader use. The development of an oral insulin remains an ultimate goal to both enhance ease of use, and to provide therapeutic advantages rooted in its direct delivery to the portal vein and liver. By mimicking the physiological path taken by pancreatic insulin,...

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of language profiles according to whether or not Korean children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) also have ADHD, and to examine the relationship with executive function. Methods: Participants in the study were boys with ADHD aged 6 to 11 years who visited the clinic from January 2012 to December 2013. In this stud...

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of language profiles according to whether or not Korean children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) also have ADHD, and to examine the relationship with executive function. Methods: Participants in the study were boys with ADHD aged 6 to 11 years who visited the clinic from January 2012 to December 2013. In this stud...

Two and half-year old Saudi boy was diagnosed with persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI). He was initially managed with diazoxide and octreotide, however he was medical therapy unresponsive. Surgical intervention was recommended and he had laparoscopic subtotal pancreatectomy. This is the first reported Saudi case of PHHI who was managed surgically using the laparoscopic te...

The characteristics of plasma free insulin profiles after conventional subcutaneous injection of regular insulin (10 units) and after jet injection of this amount of insulin were compared in eight subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Although administration of insulin with the jet injector resulted in peak plasma free insulin concentrations (45 +/- 4 microU/ml) similar to those ac...

We have identified patients in whom strenuous physical exercise leads to hypoglycemia caused by inappropriate insulin release (exercise-induced hyperinsulinism [EIHI]). The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the increased levels of lactate and/or pyruvate during anaerobic exercise would trigger the aberrant insulin secretion in these patients. A total of 12 patients (8 wom...

Noradrenergic and GABAergic systems in the medial hypothalamus influence plasma glucose and may be activated during glucoprivation. Microdialysis probes were placed into the ventromedial nucleus (VMH), lateral hypothalamus (LHA), and paraventricular nucleus (PVH) of male Sprague-Dawley rats to monitor extracellular concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) and GABA. During systemic hypoglycemia, in...

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of language profiles according to whether or not Korean children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) also have ADHD, and to examine the relationship with executive function. Methods: Participants in the study were boys with ADHD aged 6 to 11 years who visited the clinic from January 2012 to December 2013. In this stud...

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction. Recent evidence has emerged that beta cell dysfunction is a common pathogenetic feature of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and T2DM never develops without beta cell dysfunction. Therefore, treatment of T2DM should aim to restore beta cell function. Although the treatment of T2DM has greatly improved over t...