The focus on situated practices in current valuation studies becomes an obstacle when situations are too narrowly defined, moments of treated as isolated events and especially the interconnectedness across social fields is neglected. In order to overcome these limitations, we propose concept constellations (Meier et al. 2016). Based literature distinguishes positions their relations, rules, inf...

The concept of value is of great importance for investors. The goal of different groups of investors is always to maximize the value of their capital. The aim of this research is developing factors effective on securities in capital market in order to develop a paradigm for fair valuation that leads investors to make better decisions. To study fair value in a precise and comprehensive way, effe...

the main purpose of this paper is survy of factors associated with reliance of external auditors on entenal adutors work , reliance on internal auditors work has significant influence on cost saving and obtaining more services to client with the same cost. optimal utilization of internal audit work can improve both the efficiency and the effectiveness of external audits and can enhance the valu...

Most models of animal foraging and consumer choice assume that individuals make choices based on the absolute value of items and are therefore 'economically rational'. However, frequent violations of rationality by animals, including humans, suggest that animals use comparative valuation rules. Are comparative valuation strategies a consequence of the way brains process information, or are they...

This paper reports the results of a study to estimate a statistical health state valuation model for a revised version of the Health Utilities Index Mark 2, using Standard Gamble health state preference data. A sample of 51 health states were valued by a sample of the 198 members of the UK general population. Models are estimated for predicting health state valuations for all 8000 states define...

Environmental economists have long used surveys to gather information about people’s preferences. This is particularly true in the field of non-market valuation, where techniques such as contingent valuation, choice modelling and the travel cost method invariably employ some form of survey instrument. A recent innovation in survey methodology has been the advent of web-based surveys. While popu...

Expert valuation, a process used to determine how much stakeholders value eco-system aspects, places experts as intermediaries for public-preference input into the environmental policy process. While the rise and refinement of expert valuation might capture ecosystem values more comprehensively, two dilemmas are also worth of consideration: (1) will expert valuation and benefit cost analysis su...

This paper studies the impact of second-order uncertainty on the (ex-post) efficiency of the 0.5-double auction. We consider a discrete double auction model in which the seller’s valuation is either vs or vs and the buyer’s valuation is either vb or vb with 0 = vs < vb < vs < vb = 1. The buyer’s valuation and the seller’s valuation are private information. We further assume that the buyer’s bel...

In this paper, we study starting point bias in double-bounded contingent valuation surveys. This phenomenon arises in applications that use multiple valuation questions. Indeed, response to follow-up valuation questions may be influenced by the bid proposed in the initial valuation question. Previous researches have been conducted in order to control for such an effect. However, they find that ...