Pleural fluid collections are common in those critically ill. We report the case of a left middle cerebral artery stroke patient who developed respiratory distress and required intubation and mechanical ventilation. Although the patient's clinical status and oxygenation improved, there was persistence of right-sided opacity in the chest radiograph. Further workup proved a right-sided pleural ef...

Boerhaave's syndrome (Spontaneous oesophageal perforation following forceful vomiting) is uncommon. However, when it occurs and the appropriate treatment is not given on time, it is fraught with early complications, leading to a very high mortality rate. This is a characteristic feature of this syndrome. Patient survival is in days. We present the case of an uncommon scenario of this syndrome i...

ported to cause perforation in a small number of cases [1,2]. Of these, only one case, in which the perforation occurred below the peritoneal reflection, was repaired endoscopically [2]. We report a case of perforation above the peritoneal reflection upon colonoscope retroflexion with endoscopic closure in a healthy colon. A 73-year-old man with a history of hypertension and coronary artery dis...

OBJECTIVE To assess our results of a prospective algorithm applied to patients with thoracic esophageal perforation. METHODS A retrospective review of a prospective algorithm. Patients with esophageal perforation underwent an esophagram. If there was a contained esophageal perforation they were admitted, kept nothing by mouth, and restudied in 3-5 days. If the leak was not contained, they und...

Spontaneous rupture of the oesophagus is a medical emergency the outcome of which is often fatal. Although considered rare, 200 cases were collected from the medical literature by Moynihan in 1952. However, the diagnosis of this condition is frequently overlooked or may be made in terminal states or post-mortem. Early detection with surgical repair may mean the difference between survival or de...

The presence of free air within a hiatal hernia sac is an uncommon reported entity. This finding has been described in the surgical literature1-4 secondary to incarcerated hiatal hernias complicated by gastric ulceration and perforation. There have, however, been no reports of this entity in the radiology literature. Our patient presented to the emergency department complaining of epigastric pa...

A 43-year-old man who had had a history of atrial septal defect (ASD) device closure 31 months previously presented with abrupt chest and back pain along with progressive cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest. After resuscitation, he was diagnosed with cardiac tamponade. Diagnostic and therapeutic surgical exploration revealed left atrium (LA) perforation due to LA roof erosion from a deficient ...

A 1-year-old boy with a history of exomphalos and hydrocephalus had surgeries to correct these pathologies. The ventriculopleural (VP(L)) shunt inserted for hydrocephalus was complicated by pleural effusion, for which a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt was inserted on the contralateral side. He subsequently presented with protrusion of the distal VP shunt tip from the mouth due to perforation th...

Infectious necrotizing scleritis is a rare but devastating disease that often develops after trauma or surgery. A delay in the diagnosis or inappropriate treatment can cause a progression of the infection to scleral thinning and even perforation of the eye, resulting in endophthalmitis and blindness. For cases that do not respond to medical therapy or when the necrosis has advanced to perforati...

The emergence of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) as endodontic repair filling material has generated a lot of interest due to its superior sealing ability and biocompatibility. Although MTA possesses superior sealing ability to traditional endodontic repair filling materials, such as calcium hydroxide, but it has poor handling characteristics. A novel endodontic repair filling materials with s...