BACKGROUND Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) is a standard technique for the treatment of lumbar disc hernia. Thus far, most surgeons have recommended local anesthesia. However, in clinical practice, some patients experience pain and are unable to cooperate with the surgery during intervertebral foramen hemp expansion. The use of general anesthesia may create a greater risk of co...

Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare efficacy and safety conventional epidural (ED) versus combined spinal (CSE) in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) with addition opiods dexmedetomidine. Methods: This prospective, randomized, double-blinded clinical conducted patients undergoing PCNL. Group CSE had received anesthesia ED given anesthesia. Time first rescue analgesic total dose alo...

This study aims to determine if high-voltage PRF could effectively adjunct epidural adhesiolysis (EA) in treating patients with chronic lumbosacral radiating pain (LSRP) and neuropathic characteristics. A total of 409 suffering from a single leg-radiating lasting for > six months unresponsive previous treatments were divided into three different groups: Group 1 consisted 227 LSRP lumbar sten...

Surgical treatment of the degenerative disc disease has evolved from traditional open spine surgery to minimally invasive spine surgery including endoscopic spine surgery. Constant improvement in the imaging modality especially with introduction of the magnetic resonance imaging, it is possible to identify culprit degenerated disc segment and again with the discography it is possible to diagnos...

Objective- To compare the lidocaine-MgSO4 combination with lidocaine-Distilled water inthe epidural of indigenous awake dogs.Design- Prospective experimental study.Animals- Five young (12±2 months) female indigenous dogs weighting (10.74 ± 0.44 kg).Procedures- Epidural anesthesia was produced in all dogs with 2% lidocaine (1ml/4.5 kgbody weight) with 1 ml distilled water and two weeks later rep...