Annotation. Football referees must constantly keep up with the game to ensure correct interpretation of moments when making key decisions in match. The perceptual-cognitive demands soccer refereeing are considerable, but research repceptual and cognitive processes that influence referee remains limited. In this regards, we present a study methodological considerations, regarding application ref...

This study was an attempt to shed light on the relationship between perceptual learning styles and perceptual teaching styles of Iranian EFL learners and teachers. It further investigated the relationship between perceptual learning style and the age, gender, and proficiency of Iranian EFL learners. A total of 112 students and 23 teachers participated in this study. The data was collected using...

This paper investigates aspects in designing auditory spaces to support novel forms of interaction in virtual spaces. Initial research on human imagined sounds from places has identified ‘expectation’ as an important psychological construct. Second study shows that there are differences between sounds people expect to hear in places and sounds recorded from real life places. Instead of designin...

In The Problem of Perception, A.D. Smith’s central aim is to defend the view that we can directly perceive ordinary objects, such as cups, keys and the like. The book is organized around the two arguments that Smith considers to be serious threats to the possibility of direct perception: the argument from illusion, and the argument from hallucination. The argument from illusion threatens this p...

Perceptual learning refers to experience-induced improvements in the pick-up of information. Perceptual constancy describes the fact that, despite variable sensory input, perceptual representations typically correspond to stable properties of objects. Here, we show evidence of a strong link between perceptual learning and perceptual constancy: Perceptual learning depends on constancy-based perc...

Perceptual experience, that paradigm of subjectivity, constitutes our most immediate and fundamental access to the objective world. At least, this would seem to be so if commonsense realism is correct—if perceptual experience is (in general) an immediate awareness of mind-independent objects, and a source of direct knowledge of what such objects are like. Commonsense realism raises many questio...

The extent to which perception is rich or sparse is a foundational issue in consciousness studies. According to those who claim that perception is rich, observers are aware of more information than they can attend to or remember [1]. Meanwhile, those who believe perception is sparse directly link awareness to the finite capacities of attention and working memory [2–4]. However, this view is oft...

Bhatt and Quinn (2011) provide a compelling and comprehensive review of empirical evidence that supports the operation of principles of perceptual organization in young infants. These principles, which are largely synonymous with the Gestalt laws of visual perception, raise a number of important, and as yet unanswered questions. Bhatt and Quinn tackle some of these questions and propose several...