We prove that continuous sentences preserved by the ultramean construction (a generalization of the ultraproduct construction) are exactly those sentences which are approximated by linear sentences. Continuous sentences preserved by linear elementary equivalence are exactly those sentences which are approximated in the Riesz space generated by linear sentences. Also, characterizations for linea...

The paper introduces a knowledge representation language that combines the event calculus with description logic in programming framework. purpose is to provide user an expressive for modelling and analysing systems evolve over time. approach exemplified as implemented Fusemate system. extends Fusemate's rule weakly DL-safe interface $\cal ALCIF$ adapts this extended language. This way, time-st...

In the 1980s, Pollock’s work on default reasons started quest in AI community for a formal system of defeasible argumentation. The main goal this paper is to provide logic structured arguments using language justification logic. logic, we introduce assertions type t : F that read as “t reason justifies F”. Such formulas are then interpreted and their acceptance semantics given analogy Dung’s ab...