this paper reports on the results of a research carried out during 1993-94 aiming at studying street sellers as an informal sector activity and a source of socio-economic problems in shiraz, iran. this study makes use of two logit models in order to present a unified framework depiciting the factors that seem to affect the developmeht of informal sector activities. the first model looks at thos...

this study is devoted to the formulation of the network design problem of one-way streets and the application of simulated annealing (sa) algorithm to solve this problem for a large real network. it discusses some points of views on one-way street networks, the objective function used for design, the way in which design constraints may be considered, and the traffic problems concerning one-way ...

Street food vending in urban areas of developing countries like Botswana continues to be a source of livelihoods to many (Joseph, 2011).The Government and relevant stakeholders need to understand holistically the challenges faced by street food vendors and develop interventions that will enable street food vendors to survive, grow and compete in a dynamic business environment. This study examin...

OBJECTIVE To assess consumption of street food (sold by vendors) and fast food (from fast food outlets) by different ethnic groups in South Africa. DESIGN A national cross-sectional survey representative of adults (> or = 16 years, N=3827) from different ethnic groups, provinces, geographic localities, and socio-economic strata was undertaken. METHODS Trained interviewers visited participan...

1-      introduction the increasing growth of urbanization in recent decade and occurring most of the economic and social activities of human being in urban environments cause that the city is considered as a place a citizen spends much time and it is one of the effective and important places in which the majority of memories, experiences, emotions are formed. thus, cities play important role i...

BACKGROUND The concept of the street child in rural communities has received little attention. This study describes the sociodemographic characteristics of the street children found in a group of rural communities. METHOD This descriptive study is nested in a cross sectional analytical study of street children in a group of rural communities undergoing urbanization. A cluster sample of street...

OBJECTIVE The aims were: (1) to examine the profile of African street children and to assess the link between street children in Africa and political violence; (2) to undertake a systematic examination of causal factors of street children in postgenocide Rwanda; and (3) to situate this analysis in the context of the socio-cultural and political impact of the genocide on Rwandan communities. M...

quality of urban areas and improvement of it have always been considered as one of the main issues in the process of urbanization. it might be possible to consider this importance as the result of fundamental changes in intellectual patterns during the past two decades in one side and its proposal in all aspects of human life on the other side though this is one of the main influential concepts...

1. Random and goal oriented walk models To simulate human movement in a street network, we setup some random walkers which can hop from one street to another arbitrarily. The hopping behaviour is defined at a topological level in which individual streets are represented as nodes and street intersections as links of a connectivity graph (Figure 1). On the other hand, the simulation has yet to be...