We have introduced excluded volume effect, which is an important factor to model a realistic pedestrian queue, into queueing theory. The probability distributions of pedestrian number and pedestrian waiting time in a queue have been calculated exactly. Due to time needed to close up the queue, the mean number of pedestrians increases as pedestrian arrival probability (λ) and leaving probability...

This paper proposes a novel vision based multi-pedestrian tracking scheme in crowded scenes, which are very common in real-world applications. The major challenge of the multi-pedestrian tracking problem comes from complicated occlusions, cluttered or even changing background. We address these issues by creatively combining state-of-the-art pedestrian detectors and clustering algorithms. The co...

Designing pedestrian systems have been a challenge due to the lack of effective tools and methods to model the autonomous behavior of pedestrians. Pedestrians are one of the main players in traffic systems, and they also are their most common victims. The high incident of pedestrians’ accidents has led the World Health Organization (WHO) to set the reduction of traffic accidents as a priority f...

Studies on microscopic pedestrian requires large amounts of trajectory data from real-world pedestrian crowds. Such data collection, if done manually, needs tremendous effort and is very time consuming. Though many studies have asserted the possibility of automating this task using video cameras, we found that only a few have demonstrated good performance in very crowded situations or from a to...

This paper proposes a sensor fusion based obstacle detection/classification system for active pedestrian protection system. At the frontend of vehicle, one laser scanner and one camera is installed. Clustering and tracking of range data from laser scanner generate obstacle candidates. Vision system classifies the candidates into three categories: pedestrian, vehicle, and other. Gabor filter ban...

This paper presents a new method for extracting pedestrian contours from images using 2D and 3D information obtained from a stereo-vision acquisition system. Two pedestrian contour types are extracted. First is obtained from static pedestrian confidence images using fixed background scenes and second from general traffic scenes having variable background. A robust approach for building contour ...

This paper analyzes pedestrian injury severity from automobile crashes at signalized intersections in a medium-size city. It estimates an ordered logit model of injury severity and finds that vehicle type, gender, land-use, speed limit, traffic volume, the presence of sidewalks and visual-obstruction significantly explain pedestrian injury severity in vehiclepedestrian crashes at signalized int...

Trends in pedestrian injury mortality for children aged 0-4 and 5-14 for England and Wales, Denmark, Sweden, the USA, and New Zealand were examined from 1968 onwards. While there has been a reduction in the pedestrian mortality in all these countries, there are striking international differences in the extent of these reductions. Denmark has achieved the greatest fall in mortality with the smal...

Pedestrian-related crashes cause an estimated 1.2 million deaths and 50 million injuries worldwide. There were 32,590 nonfatal injuries reported among children 0 to 14 years of age in the United States in 2006. The incidence of pedestrian injuries seems to be decreasing due to improvements in trauma care and a nationwide decline in walking. This article is a special communication and overview o...

Crash prediction models are used to estimate the number of crashes using a set of explanatory variables. The highway safety community has used modeling techniques to predict vehicle-to-vehicle crashes for decades. Specifically, generalized linear models (GLMs) are commonly used because they can model non-linear count data such as motor vehicle crashes. Regression models such as the Poisson, Zer...