Biphenyl-2-yl-carbamic acid 1-{9-[(R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinolin-5-yl)-ethylamino]-nonyl}-piperidin-4-yl ester (THRX-198321) is a single molecule composed of a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist moiety, represented by the fragment MA, linked by a C9 polymethylene chain to a β(2)-adrenoceptor (β(2)AR) agonist moiety, represented by the fragment 8-hydroxy-...

The ability of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rH-TNF) alone or in combination with lymphokines (LK) to induce the in vitro activation of murine macrophages was evaluated. The treatment of C57BL/6 mouse resident peritoneal exÃodatecells (PEC) with rH-TNF and LK was found to induce the activation of macrophages to a tumoricidal state against P815 mastocytoma cells. Neither rH-TNF nor LK...

To investigate the role of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family in host defense against Toxoplasma gondii, we infected TLR2-, TLR4- and MyD88-deficient mice with the avirulent cyst-forming Fukaya strain of T. gondii. All TLR2- and MyD88-deficient mice died within 8 days, whereas all TLR4-deficient and wild-type mice survived after i.p. infection with a high dose of T. gondii. Peritoneal macropha...

The ability of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rH-TNF) alone or in combination with lymphokines (LK) to induce the in vitro activation of murine macrophages was evaluated. The treatment of C57BL/6 mouse resident peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) with rH-TNF and LK was found to induce the activation of macrophages to a tumoricidal state against P815 mastocytoma cells. Neither rH-TNF nor LK...

BACKGROUND Primary eye care (PEC) in sub-Saharan Africa usually means the diagnosis, treatment, and referral of eye conditions at the most basic level of the health system by primary health care workers (PHCWs), who receive minimal training in eye care as part of their curricula. We undertook this study with the aim to evaluate basic PEC knowledge and ophthalmologic skills of PHCWs, as well as ...

Mesoscopic anatase nanocrystalline TiO2 (nc-TiO2) electrodes play effective and efficient catalytic roles in photoelectrochemical (PEC) H2O oxidation under short circuit energy gap excitation conditions. Interfacial molecular orbital structures of (H2O)3 &OH(TiO2)9H as a stationary model under neutral conditions and the radical-cation model of [(H2O)3&OH(TiO2)9H]+ as a working nc-TiO2 m...

The use of nanowires (NWs) for labeling, sensing, and sorting is the basis of detecting biomolecules attached on NWs by optical and magnetic properties. In spite of many advantages, the use of biomolecules-attached NWs sensing by photoelectrochemical (PEC) study is almost non-existent. In this article, the PEC study of dye-attached single-stranded DNA on Au NWs and Au-Ni-Au multilayer NWs prepa...

Pulsed Eddy Current (PEC) sensing is used for Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) of the structural integrity of metallic structures in the aircraft, railway, oil and gas sectors. Urban water utilities also have extensive large ferromagnetic structures in the form of critical pressure pipe systems made of grey cast iron, ductile cast iron and mild steel. The associated material properties render N...

The production of three cytokines, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interleukin 12 (IL-12), was measured after intraperitoneal infection of immunocompetent Balb/c mice and immunodeficient SCID mice with the microsporidian, Encephalitozoon cuniculi Levaditi, Nicolau et Schoen, 1923. High levels of IFN-gamma were detected in ex vivo cultures of peritoneal exudate cells (PE...

Germ-free BALB/c mice, genetically engineered to be deficient for interleukin-8 (IL-8) receptor homolog (IL-8Rh-/-), were more susceptible to gastric candidiasis after oral challenge and to acute systemic candidiasis after intravenous challenge than IL-8Rh+/+ controls. In comparison to IL-8Rh+/+ mice, the IL-8Rh-/- mice had slower influx of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) into Candida albic...