abstract        background and objective: paratuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous enteritis of ruminants caused by mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map). this study aimed to characterize the genome of the map 316f strain.       methods: the map 316f strain was subjected to the pcr-f57 and pcr-is900 experiments in order to ensure its identity as map. this was followed by appl...

background: genetic diversity of three polymorphic markers in the phenylalanine hydroxylase (pah) gene region including pvu ii (a), pahstr and msp i were investigated. methods: unrelated individuals (n=139) from the iranian populations were genotyped using primers specific to pah gene markers including pvu ii(a), msp i and pahstr. the amplified products for pvu ii(a), msp i were digested using ...

Sequence analysis of 5'-[32P] labeled tRNA and eukaryotic mRNA using an adaptation of a method recently described by Donis-Keller, Maxam and Gilbert for mapping guanines, adenines and pyrimidines from the 5'-end of an RNA is described. In addition, a technique utilizing two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for identification of pyrimidines within a sequence is described. 5'-[32P] ...

Ensuring foods are correctly labelled for ingredients derived from genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is an issue facing manufacturers, retailers, and enforcement agencies. DNA approaches for the determination of food authenticitys often use the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and PCR products can be detected using capillary or gel electrophoresis. This study examines the fitness for purpos...

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a technique based on the ability of DNA polymerase to synthesize a new strand of DNA which is complementary to the template strand offered and amplifying this strand to billions of amplicons. There are different types of PCR reactions for different types of experiments but reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is most commonly used PCR react...

Candida exists as a normal flora on skin and mucosa. The prevalence of Candida-induced infections specially mucosal and vaginal infections have been raised in the world in last decade due to increase in predisposing factors. C.albicans is the major etiological agent of candidiasis, but infections due to other species have been increasing. The aim of this study was to determine Candida species b...

Phytoplasmas ('Candidatus Phytoplasma' spp.) are insect-vectored bacteria that infect a wide variety of plants, including many agriculturally important species. The infections can cause devastating yield losses by inducing morphological changes that dramatically alter inflorescence development. Detection of phytoplasma infection typically utilizes sequences located within the 16S-23S rRNA-encod...

candida exists as a normal flora on skin and mucosa. the prevalence of candida-induced infections specially mucosal and vaginal infections have been raised in the world in last decade due to increase in predisposing factors. c.albicans is the major etiological agent of candidiasis, but infections due to other species have been increasing. the aim of this study was to determine candida species b...