arge-value payments systems, used by banks to settle financial and commercial transactions, play a key role in the financial system. The importance of these payments systems can be illustrated by the large amounts they settle. Every year in the United States, the systems process value equal to approximately 100 times GDP. Innovations in the design of large-value payments systems have led to man...

This paper proposes and examines the economic efficiency of novel payment schemes for provision wetland ecosystem services. By definition, payments services typically involve voluntary transactions between beneficiaries providers We develop a theoretical model that addresses role third party—such as social planner or government agency, acting in interest society—can play to ensure optimal consi...

BACKGROUND The Department of Health introduced a new deprivation payments system for general practitioners (GPs) on 1 April 1999. Following a three-year phasing-in process, registered patients will attract deprivation payments based on the underprivileged area (UPA) score of their enumeration district (ED) of residence, rather than their electoral ward, changing the pattern and distribution of ...

Transition Patterns for the Welfare Reliance of Low Income Mothers in Australia This paper analyzes the mobility of low income mothers in Australia between two groups of governmental transfer payments: Income support payments (IS) and Family Payments (FP, non-income support payments) only. While IS payments are to provide a subsistence of living for her, FP payments are to help low-medium incom...

Mobile payments—those initiated on a mobile device such as a cell phone or tablet computer—have received a significant amount of attention recently. Yet, despite the attention, mobile payments have not been widely adopted in the United States. While industry experts agree mobile payments eventually will take off, there are many barriers. Some barriers are on the supply side—for example, the dif...

AIM To assess the distribution of out-of-pocket payments for health care in Croatia by income groups. METHODS The study is based on data from 1994 out-of-pocket health expenditure survey carried out through interviews of randomly selected adults in two major cities of Croatia, Zagreb and Split. We analyzed co-payments for public health care services and other payments related to private pract...