By the time it had reached its zenith during the second-century of the Common Era, the Roman Empire had developed into one of the greatest civilizations the ancient world had ever known. Cities scattered across an imperial region that stretched from the North Sea to the Red Sea had flourished under a well-ordered governing body housed in Rome. These regional centers stood unfortified in the cou...

Expression of PAX2 (Paired-box 2) is suppressed through promoter methylation at the later stages of embryonic development, but eventually reactivated during carcinogenesis. Pax-2 is commonly expressed in the most prevalent renal cell tumour (RCT) subtypes-clear cell RCC (ccRCC), papillary RCC (pRCC) and oncocytoma--but not in chromophobe RCC (chrRCC), which frequently displays chromosome 10 los...

We have characterized different neuronal subpopulations derived from in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells using as markers the expression of several homeodomain transcription factors. Following treatment of embryo-like aggregates with retinoic acid (RA), Pax-6, a protein expressed by ventral central nervous system (CNS) progenitors is induced. In contrast, Pax-7 expressed in vi...

Neovascular targeting is an established approach for the therapy of prostate cancer (PCa). Cationic liposomes have been shown to be absorbed by immature vascular endothelial cells due to negative electric charge of their outer cell membrane. We aimed to evaluate the antitumoural efficacy of paclitaxel encapsulated in cationic liposomes for the treatment of PCa. Tumours were generated by subcuta...

Although a number of genes have been found to have restricted expression domains in the embryonic forebrain and midbrain, it remains largely unknown how the expression of these genes is regulated at the cellular level. In this study, we explored the mechanisms for the differential expression of region-specific transcription factors in neuroepithelial cells by using both primary and immortalized...

Despite interest in understanding glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) production, the factors important for GLP-1 biosynthesis remain poorly understood. We examined control of human proglucagon gene expression in NCI-H716 cells, a cell line that secretes GLP-1 in a regulated manner. Insulin, phorbol myristate acetate, or forskolin, known regulators of rodent proglucagon gene expression, had no effe...

PURPOSE To determine the role of the integrin-FAK signaling pathway triggered by the adherence of F. solani to human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). METHODS After pretreatment with/without genistein, HCECs were incubated with F. solani spores at different times (0-24 h). Cell adhesion assays were performed by optical microscopy. Changes of the ultrastructure were observed using scanning ele...

suspensions of A and attaching cones on suspensions of A (see [5, corollary 3.7]). If A = S, then a relative S–CW–complex is essentially an ordinary relative CW– complex. Any pointed map f : X → Y can be factored as a composition (X → Y ′ p → Y ), where (Y ′, X) is a relative A–CW–complex and p induces a weak equivalence of mapping spaces p? : map?(A, Y ′)→ map?(A, Y ). Let X be a pointed space...