Dropout has been raised as an effective and simple trick [1] to combat overfitting in deep neural nets. The idea is to randomly mask out input and internal units during training. Despite its usefulness, there has been very little and scattered understanding on injecting noise to deep learning architectures’ internal units. In this paper, we study the effect of dropout on both input and hidden l...

Average change in list recall was evaluated as a function of missing data treatment (Study 1) and dropout status (Study 2) over ages 70 to 105 in Asset and Health Dynamics of the Oldest-Old data. In Study 1 the authors compared results of full-information maximum likelihood (FIML) and the multiple imputation (MI) missing-data treatments with and without independent predictors of missingness. Re...

OBJECTIVE To determine the characteristics associated with the dropout of patients followed up in a Brazilian out patient clinic specializing in hypertension. METHODS Planned prospective cohort study of patients who were prescribed an antihypertensive treatment after an extensive initial evaluation. The following parameters were analyzed: sex, age, educational level, duration of disease, pres...

PURPOSE This study was designed to determine the factors affecting completion of critical pathway for elective gastrectomy. METHODS Since 2008, a critical pathway has been applied for elective gastrectomy at Chosun University Hospital. We retrospectively analyzed 252 patients who underwent elective gastrectomies from January 2009 to April 2013. The completion rate was determined, and risk fac...

BACKGROUND The placebo response in epilepsy randomized clinical trials (RCTs) has recently been shown to largely reflect underlying natural variability in seizure frequency. Based on this observation, we sought to explore the parameter space of RCT design to optimize trial efficiency and cost. METHODS We used one of the world's largest patient reported seizure diary databases, SeizureTracker....

BACKGROUND To answer the question of what bio-psychosocial determinants in infancy, early and middle childhood, and adolescence predict school drop-out in young adulthood, we approached the complex process towards school dropout as a multidimensional, life-course phenomenon. The aim is to find signs of heightened risks of school dropout as early as possible which will eventually help public hea...

INTRODUCTION Understanding participant demographic characteristics that inform the optimal design of obesity RCTs have been examined in few studies. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of individual participant characteristics and dropout rates (DORs) in obesity randomized controlled trials (RCT) by pooling data from several publicly available datasets for analyses. W...

It has been shown that patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) meeting the United Network for Organ Sharing T2 (Milan) criteria have an advantage in comparison with patients without HCC under the current organ allocation system for liver transplantation (LT). We hypothesized that within the T2 HCC group, there is a subgroup with a low risk of wait-list dropout that should not receive the s...

Nederkoorn et al (1) conclude that flow voids on nonenhanced 3D time-of-flight (TOF) MR angiography (MRA) images represent severe carotid artery stenosis. Although they present compelling evidence that this conclusion is correct for their particular MR imaging system with their particular imaging parameters, radiologists should be advised of the peril of generalizing these results to any MR ima...