We generalize Venema’s result on the canonicity of the additivity of positive terms, from classical modal logic to a vast class of logics the algebraic semantics of which is given by varieties of normal distributive lattice expansions (normal DLEs), aka ‘distributive lattices with operators’. We provide two contrasting proofs for this result: the first is along the lines of Venema’s pseudocorre...

we establish a relationship between general constrained pseudoconvex optimization problems and globally projected dynamical systems. a corresponding novel neural network model, which is globally convergent and stable in the sense of lyapunov, is proposed. both theoretical and numerical approaches are considered. numerical simulations for three constrained nonlinear optimization problems a...

the world was different when the ottawa charter for health promotion was released 30 years ago. concerns over the environment and what we now call the ‘social determinants of health’ were prominent in 1986. but the acceleration of ecological crises and economic inequalities since then, in a more complex and multi-polar world, pose dramatically new challenges for those committed to the original ...

there are many reasons for the health inequities that we see around the world today. public policy and the way society organises its affairs affects the economic, social and physical factors that influence the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age - the social determinants of health. tackling health inequities is a political issue that requires leadership, political cour...

In this paper, we establish integral inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type for multiplicativelys-preinvex functions. We also obtain some new inequalities involving multiplicative integralsby using some properties of multiplicatively s-preinvex and preinvex functions.

QCD inequalities are derived for the masses of mesons and baryons containing a single heavy quark using the heavy quark effective field theory. A rigorous lower bound is obtained for the Λ parameters of the heavy quark effective theory that parameterize 1/m corrections, Λ ≥ 237 MeV for mesons, and Λ ≥ 657 MeV for baryons. The inequalities on Λ imply the inequalities mc < 1627 MeV and mb < 5068 ...

An optimal algorithm is presented for computing the smallest set of linear inequalities that define the integer hull of a possibly unbounded two-dimensional convex polygon R. Input to the algorithm is a set of linear inequalities defining R, and the integer hull computed is the convex hull of the integer points of R. It is proven that the integer hull has at most O(n logAmax) inequalities, wher...

the purpose of this paper is to examine the threats and opportunities that information and communication technology (ict) has created with regard to sexual inequality. research shows that the education of ict, which is concentrated on women, directly increases their media knowledge and modifies inequalities created mainly by the family and the educational system in the socialization process, pr...

investments in the extension of health insurance coverage, the strengthening of public health services, as well as primary care and better hospitals, highlights the emerging role of healthcare as part of china’s new growth regime, based on an expansion of services, and redistributive policies. such investments, apart from their central role in terms of relief for low-income people, serve to reb...