Chronic pain is associated with cognitive deficits. Considerable overlap in brain regions involved in pain and aversion suggests that aversive learning and memory may be affected during chronic pain. Passive-avoidance paradigms traditionally use foot-shock to induce context-conditioned avoidance and may be unsuitable for use in animal models of chronic pain, which are commonly associated with h...

PURPOSE Previous studies have shown that physical activity improves learning and memory. Present study was performed to determine the effects of short term and long term treadmill exercise on learning, memory consolidation and retrieval of passive avoidance learning in an animal model. METHODS In this study fifty male Wistar rats with 3-4 months of age were randomly divided into five groups (...

The interaction of electromagnetic fields (EMF) with living organisms presents an increasing source of interest nowadays. There are reports on the influence of EMFs on memory. In this study, the effect of a 50 Hz, 50G EMF was investigated on passive avoidance learning in male rats. For this purpose, male Wistar rats (n = 50, 6-8 weeks, 250-300 g) were randomly divided into five groups. Control ...

This study was an attempt to investigate whether output tasks, i.e., reconstruction and picturecuedwriting tasks, promote learners’ noticing of English passive structure compared to nonoutputtasks, i.e., reading comprehension and if so, which output task is more effective inenhancing learners’ noticing. In addition, this study aimed to investigate whether output tasksfacilitate learning of Engl...

The interaction of electromagnetic fields (EMF) with living organisms presents an increasing source of interest nowadays. There are reports on the influence of EMFs on memory. In this study, the effect of a 50 Hz, 50G EMF was investigated on passive avoidance learning in male rats. For this purpose, male Wistar rats (n = 50, 6-8 weeks, 250-300 g) were randomly divided into five groups. Control ...

Introduction: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder in which patients experience spontaneous recurrent seizures and deficiency in learning and memory. Although the most commonly recommended therapy is drug treatment, some patients do not achieve adequate control of their seizures on existing drugs. New medications with novel mechanisms of action are needed to help those patients whose sei...

Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a enfeeble neurodegenerative disorder characterized by increased β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and neuronal dysfunction leading to impaired learning and recall. Among proposed risk factors, impaired cholinergic transmission is a main cause for incidence of disease. Methods: In the present study, effects of the intracerebroventricularly administration of an ...

Objective(s): Stress alters sensory and cognitive function in humans and animals. Angiotensin (AT) receptors have demonstrated well-established interactions in sets of physiological phenomena. AT1 receptors can play a part in stress-induced activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis; besides angiotensinergic neurotransmission plays a pivotal role in stress-evoked physiological resp...

abstract   introduction: diabetes mellitus accompanies with disturbances in learning, memory, and cognitive skills in the human society and experimental animals. considering the beneficial antidiabetic potential of nigella sativum (ns ), this research study was conducted to evaluate the effect of chronic consumption of ns on learning and memory in diabetic rats using passive avoidance and y-maz...