High successful applications of soft computing and fuzzy logic can be found in engineering disciplines. Current research is done for computational subject, e. g. computing with words, or computing with colors, which is one of the new ideas for the processing of color information. The main fact of this approach is the adequate representation of color and its linguistic description. This approach...

Linguistic variables are reviewed and some aspects of the original definition revisited, showing that they provide a first formal frame to do computing with words in a “narrow sense”. A two-levels hierarchy of languages is discussed in order to move to simple cases of computing with words in natural language, supported by linguistic variables.

How can university students' motivation to learn be enhanced? To achieve this, first we should know: What motivational value do students attribute to each particular component of learning environments? To which degree is this value mediated by students' motivational orientations? To respond to these questions, 1,166 university students were administered two questionnaires, one for assessing the...