in this work the performance of a wavelength division multiple access (wdma) system with direct detection receiver is investigated. for this purpose, the probability of error in a wdma network with ook modulation considering crosstalk, isi, photo detector noise and thermal noise is calculated and the effect of each on system performance is investigated. the system performance in presence of pin...

Having multiple external fixation pin designs and insertion techniques has led to debate as to which combination creates the stiffest construct. This study sought to biomechanically evaluate construct strength using self-drilling (SD) and self-tapping (ST) pins inserted with either bicortical or unicortical fixation. SD and ST 5.0 mm stainless steel pins were used in combination with bicortical...

We show that two almost degenerate poles near the piDelta threshold and the next higher mass pole in the P11 partial wave of piN scattering evolve from a single bare state through its coupling with piN, etaN, and pipiN reaction channels. This finding provides new information on understanding the dynamical origins of the Roper N{*}(1440) and N{*}(1710) resonances listed by Particle Data Group. O...

Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a common problem among children or infants. Nearly 85% of all FB aspiration occurs in childhood. Common organic aspirated materials include nuts and seeds while inorganic materials include plastic pieces or parts of toys (1). In adults, most of FBAs are seen in the 6th or 7th decade of life when the airway protection mechanism is impaired due to central nervous ...

i

We present a hierarchical technique for floorplanning and pin assignment of the general cell layouts. Given a set of cells with their shape lists, a layout aspect ratio, relative positions of the extemal 110 pads and upper bound delay constraints for a set of critical nets, we determine shapes and positions of the cells, locations of the floating pins on cells and a global routing solution such...

This paper investigates a method to generate personal identification number (PIN) using brain activity recorded from a single active electroencephalogram (EEG) channel. EEG based biometric to generate PIN is less prone to fraud and the method is based on the recent developments in brain-computer interface (BCI) technology, specifically P300 based BCI designs. Our perfect classification accuraci...

This experiment investigates various methods of determining the delay in CMOS gates. Direct measurement, ring oscillator and simulation methods are used and compared. A stroboscopic pulse generator was also examined during the experiment. Finally, the effects of supply voltage and output load on gate delay were examined. LOW Input (pin 3) Square wave input (pin 39) Output (pin 5) Square wave in...

Percutaneous intraspinal navigation (PIN) is a new minimally invasive approach to the subarachnoid space. Using conventional radiographic fluoroscopy, entrance is gained to the lumbar subarachnoid space, allowing navigation throughout the spinal canal. Using an antenna/guidewire introduced via PIN, we performed endospinal MR imaging of the thoracic spinal cord in a cadaver and canine subject. C...

three species of paratylenchus were collected and identified from vineyards and apple orchards in kermanshah province, western iran. descriptions, morphometric data, line drawings and microscopic photographs are provided for these three species. paratylenchus audriellus and paratylenchus straeleni are the two very closely related species, with a stylet longer than 40 µm, four lateral lines and ...