Parkinson's disease is associated with early parasympathetic dysfunction leading to constipation and gastroparesis. It has been suggested that pathological α-synuclein aggregations originate in the gut and ascend to the brainstem via the vagus. Our understanding of the pathogenesis and time course of parasympathetic denervation in Parkinson's disease is limited and would benefit from a validate...

Cells from the neural crest over occipital somites migrate to the heart, where they give rise to parasympathetic postganglionic neurons as well as ectomesenchymal elements which contribute to conotruncal septation. With a microcautery needle, the neural crest over occipital somites was ablated bilaterally in chicken embryos at an early stage of development. Histological examination on incubatio...

Parasympathetic withdrawal plays an important role in the autonomic dysfunctions in hypertension. Since hyperpolarizing, voltage-sensitive K(+) channels (K V) hamper transmitter release, elevated K V-activity may explain the disturbed vagal control of heart rate (HR) in hypertension. Here, the K V inhibitor 3,4-diaminopyridine was used to demonstrate the impact of K V on autonomic HR control. C...

BACKGROUND There is good evidence that power spectral analysis (PSA) of heart rate variability may provide an insight into the understanding of autonomic disorders. METHODS We investigated 30 chronic uremic patients who were on periodic bicarbonate hemodialysis by a battery of six cardiovascular autonomic tests (beat-to-beat variations during quiet breathing and deep breathing, heart rate res...

Parkinson’s disease is associated with early parasympathetic dysfunction leading to constipation and gastroparesis. It has been suggested that pathological a-synuclein aggregations originate in the gut and ascend to the brainstem via the vagus. Our understanding of the pathogenesis and time course of parasympathetic denervation in Parkinson’s disease is limited and would benefit from a validate...

Celiac disease (CED) is immune-mediated enteropathy caused by gluten intolerance affecting genetically predisposed individuals. CED may exert a number of various symptoms, including extra intestinal manifestations. Neurological symptoms can be the first sign of gluten intolerance. However, affected autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity may be linked to other symptoms. We evaluated the frequen...

The present study was designed to examine the effect of sympathetic tonic activity on parasympathetic vasodilation evoked by the trigeminal-mediated reflex in the masseter muscle in urethane-anesthetized rats. Sectioning of the superior cervical sympathetic trunk (CST) ipsilaterally increased the basal level of blood flow in the masseter muscle (MBF). Electrical stimulation of the peripheral cu...

this report describes a 55-year-old woman in whom yellow scorpion sting resulted in the development of mobitz type 1 and transient complete heart blocks unresponsive to atropine administration.  it might be concluded that although autonomic involvement including parasympathetic overactivity is present in such cases, other factors such as toxic damage to the cardiac conduction system may play a ...

The return trip often seems shorter than the outward trip even when the distance and actual time are identical. To date, studies on the return trip effect have failed to confirm its existence in a situation that is ecologically valid in terms of environment and duration. In addition, physiological influences as part of fundamental timing mechanisms in daily activities have not been investigated...

Benthem, Lambertus, Thomas O. Mundinger, and Gerald J. Taborsky, Jr. Meal-induced insulin secretion in dogs is mediated by both branches of the autonomic nervous system. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 278: E603–E610, 2000.—We investigated the relationship between autonomic activity to the pancreas and insulin secretion in chronically catheterized dogs when food was shown, during eating, and duri...