The main regulating systems of thyroid growth are the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and the cAMP signaling pathway. Thyroid papillary carcinoma frequently involves mutations in BRAF or RET/PTC without overlap, which are expected to constitutively activate MAPK signaling. On the other hand, it has been reported that cAMP signaling acts in an inhibitory manner on the p...

Abstract Aims Male breast cancer (MBC) is rare and accounts for 1% of all cancers. We present a case series three very histological subtype MBC within one year in UK hospital. Methods retrospectively identified MBCs from the local database. Their presentations, radiology histopathology were analysed. Results Three 2019 to 2020. A healthy 28-year-old presented with right lump. Ultrasound (USS) r...

OBJECTIVES To characterize trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) expression in normal thyroid tissue samples compared with that in follicular adenoma, follicular carcinoma, and follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. DESIGN Immunohistochemical analysis of 83 normal thyroid tissue and of 83 follicular neoplasms (26 follicular adenomas, 25 follicula...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the frequency of the BRAF V600E mutation in patients over 65 years of age undergoing thyroidectomy, correlating its presence or absence with the different histologic lesions, their variants and with prognostic factors of papillary carcinoma. METHODS We evaluated 85 patients over 65 years of age who underwent thyroidectomy, analyzing the BRAF V600E mutation by RT-PCR perf...

Papillary carcinoma is a rare tumor of the gallbladder. Papillary mucinous lesions of the intra- and extra-hepatic biliary tract (BT- IPMN) have been recognized. However the gallbladder is not included, except for the diffuse papillomatosis, where the sequence biliary papillomatosis to papillary carcinoma is proposed. We report a simultaneous case of gallbladder papillary neoplasia and intrahep...

      Thyroid enlargement and nodules are very rare in children, but when they occur, the chance of malignancy among these nodules is very high. Thyroid carcinoma is rare in childhood, but in the last two decades, its incidence has increased two-fold. A painless nodule in the neck is the most common presentation of the disease. Dysphagia, hoarseness, cervical lymphadenopathy, weight loss, and f...

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma and papillary renal cell carcinoma are the most common types of renal tumors. However, coexistence of both tumors in the same kidney is a rare condition. We report a 56-year old male who was found to have ipsilateral synchronous clear cell and papillary renal cell carcinoma in the left kidney. Review of related literature is provided to estimate the prevalence of...

OBJECTIVE Endothelin-1 (ET-1) may play a role in carcinogenesis. ET-1 axis is overexpressed in thyroid carcinoma. We investigated the expression and the production of ET-1 by thyroid cancer cells as well as the effect of ET-1 receptor antagonism on cell proliferation. DESIGN Human papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma cell lines were cultured. MEASUREMENTS (i) Prepro-ET-1, ET-1 recepto...

Ovarian goiter is a form of single tissue teratoma the ovary, accounting for 2% - 3% mature ovarian teratomas. Malignant transformation may occur in rare cases. Papillary thyroid-type carcinoma represents most common type malignant struma ovarii, followed by follicular carcinoma. ovarii commonly seen women fifth decade. The diagnosis often made post-operatively after histological examination. H...

Well differentiated papillary carcinoma of thyroid frequently metastasizes to regional lymph nodes and the patients usually present with cervical or mediastinal lymphadenopathy. In this article, we report a case of papillary thyroid carcinoma with hepatic metastasis presenting as liver mass in absence of lymph nodal metastasis, a presentation not previously reported to the best of our knowledge.