background & objectives: pap smear test is an effective screening method for diagnosis of cervical cancer. therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of individual and group trainings based on health belief model on belief and practice of bushehr women regarding pap smear test. methods: this controlled clinical trial study was performed on 150 women in three groups of; individual traini...

Human papillomavirus (HPV)infection consists the majority of cervical precancerous lesions and cancers. Various screening programmes aim in indentifying HPV infection preventing cancer. We present a 20-year-old female patient whose first pap smear revealed atypical squamous cells undetermined significance (ASCUS). Pap smear, followed by genotyping evaluation, high-risk 33 infiltration. Colposco...

background: cervical cancer is the most common malignancy among women. unlike most cancers, cervical cancer is avoidable the early detection of this cancer is done by a test called pap smear. most cases of this cancer are found among women who haven't done this test. the aim of this study is to examine   effect of educational program based on hbm model on the practice of women about pap smear. ...

objective: non-specific cervicitis or inflammatory changes in a smear report are common which are usually unclear for clinical approaches. to investigate the frequency of inflammation and pathogenic vaginal microorganisms in cervical smears among an iranian population sample. materials and methods: this cross-sectional study was carried out on pap smear samples of women referred to gynecologica...

background: herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 2 is a widespread human infectious agent responsible for persistent and latent infections. objectives: to estimate the regional seroprevalence of anti hsv-2 antibody in shiraz, iran and to investigate the possible correlation of seropositivity with malignant changes in subjects’ papanicolaou (pap) tests. methods: data were collected in a cross-section...

Cancer cervix accounts for 80% of female genital cancer and is the most common cancer. India 27% incidence all over world. The mortality due to 14.7%. To assess reliability downstaging in early detection precancerous lesion. correlate findings 110 women with unhealthy by cytology, colposcopy directed biopsies. work was carried out continuously one year 2 months. were evaluated. When Cytology co...

OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of pre invasive and invasive cervical lesions and also cost- effectiveness of Pap smears in Kermanshah, Iran (2004-2007). METHODS A descriptive, cross sectional study was performed between March 2004-March 2007 with all cytological smears analyzed according to the Bethesda II system. Efficacy was estimated as the ratio of HSIL and invasive carcinomas detec...

OBJECTIVES The study of health status of grass-root level health care providers may help us understand the delivery gaps from the programmatic point of view. METHODS A detailed interview of 313 Anganwadi workers (AWW) was taken in a predesigned, pretested questionnaire, and their clinical examination and Pap smear study were arranged at New Civil Hospital, Surat during November 2007-April 200...

BACKGROUND A Pap test result of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) presents a clinical challenge. Only 5-10% of women with ASCUS harbour serious cervical disease. METHODS We screened 3619 women, who attended to Mirza Koochak Khan Hospital at Tehran University of Medical Sciences with Pap smears, of whom 100 returned with ASCUS. After six months, each subject underwen...

Abstract The normal vaginal flora is complex and includes various organisms, many of them conditioned pathogens. microbiome controlled by estrogens that why a major difference it encountered between pre-menopausal menopausal women. Bacterial vaginosis was associated with inflammatory changes on Papanicolaou (PAP) smears chronic inflammation may eventually tead to potentially precancerous cancer...