The group A streptococcal M protein is an important virulence determinant eliciting protective and autoimmune responses against the streptococcus and cardiac myosin, respectively. In this report, the major human cardiac myosin-cross-reactive T-cell epitopes of M5 protein are identified and localized to myosin-like repeats within the M5 molecule. BALB/c mice were immunized with human cardiac myo...

When the IgG1 fraction of anti-idiotypic antibodies raised in guinea pigs is injected into mice, sensitization of idiotypic T and B lymphocytes occurs (1-3). In the present study we analyze the genetic requirements for T-helper cell sensitization by anti-idiotypic antibody. This was done by measuring, in a suitable panel of mouse strains, helper cell responsiveness to two anti-idiotypic reagent...

objective(s):antibodies against actin, as one of the most widely studied structural and multifunctional housekeeping proteins in eukaryotic cells, are used as internal loading controls in western blot analyses. the aim of this study was to produce polyclonal antibody against a synthetic peptide derived from n-terminal region of β-actin protein to be used as a protein loading control in western ...

Half of the world's population is exposed to the risk of dengue virus infection. Although a vaccine for dengue virus is now available in a few countries, its reported overall efficacy of about 60% is not ideal. Protective immune correlates following natural dengue virus infection remain undefined, which makes it difficult to predict the efficacy of new vaccines. In this study, we address the pr...

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) causes life-threatening epidemics in Asia and can be phylogenetically classified into three major genogroups (A ∼ C) including 11 genotypes (A, B1 ∼ B5, and C1 ∼ C5). Recently, EV71 epidemics occurred cyclically in Taiwan with different genotypes. In recent years, human studies using post-infection sera obtained from children have detected antigenic variations among differ...

Lymphocytes with Fc receptors (FcR) for IgG active in natural cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity were separated into sheep erythrocyte rosetting (E+) and nonrosetting (E-) fractions, and examined for reactivity with the OK panel of hybridoma-produced monoclonal antibodies. Few cells in either the E+ FcR+ or the E- FcR+ fraction reacted with seven antibodies used to define...

studies have shown that patients who do not produce donor specific and / or panel reactive anti-hla antibodies have a longer graft survival. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the posttransplant humoral immune response towards hla-class i antigens and the measurement of the serum creatinine levels which are used in monitoring posttransplant function of kidney. serum samples from 132 rena...

Antibody responses to influenza virus hemagglutinin provide protection against infection and are well studied. Less is known about the human antibody responses to the second surface glycoprotein, neuraminidase. Here, we assessed human antibody reactivity to a panel of N1, N2, and influenza B virus neuraminidases in different age groups, including children, adults, and the elderly. Using enzyme-...

Symbiosis Group Figure 1: Three different mechanisms of ADE (Antibody-dependent enhancement): A-receptors on virus particles bound by cross-reactive antibody get conformational change in structure that results in high affinity with the corresponding receptor on the host cell membrane. The corresponding receptor was not able to recognize the viral receptor before this conformational change. BThe...

Background: The antibody response to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) controls hepatitis B virus infection. The "a" determinant of HBsAg is the most important target for protective antibody response, diagnosis and immunoprophylaxis. Mutations in this area may induce immune escape mutants and affect the performance of HBsAg assays. Objectives: To construct clinically relevant recombinant muta...