Conductivity-based vacuum pan controllers dominate the Australian sugar industry. A new scheme, based on Brix control of the massecuite and mother molasses is proposed. Multi-loop control of the process is demonstrated, whereby the massecuite Brix is controlled by manipulating the liquor/A molasses feed rate to the pan and the mother molasses Brix is controlled by manipulating the steam flow ra...

The FCB pan was designed for European beet sugar factories and was first introduced to the South African Sugar industry at Maidstone mill in 1976 and was the first continuous pan in the industry. A 90 m' FCB 'C' pan was installedat Sezela in 1981, and the SRI pan wassubsequently installed in 1984 and was, and still is the only Australian designed continuouspan in South Africa. A brief set of de...

Bu çalışmada Moldova’da ulus kimlik inşasına etki eden ideolojik yaklaşımlar incelenmiştir. Ulus inşası milliyetçilik ideolojisi üzerinden açıklanmıştır. Milliyetçilik ilkçiler, modernistler ve etno-sembolcüler olarak üç başlıkta toplanmıştır. Moldova’daki ulusal kimliğin ideolojiler ise pan-Rumenistler, pan-Moldovanistler Sivil Moldovanistler isimlendirilmiştir. Pan-Rumenistler ilkçilere yakın...

The divergence of two subspecies of common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes and P. t. verus) and the bonobo (P. paniscus) was studied using a recently developed method for analyzing population divergence. Under the isolation with migration model, the posterior probability distributions of divergence time, migration rates, and effective population sizes were estimated for large multilocu...

The complexity of Stone Age tool-making is assumed to have relied upon cultural transmission, but direct evidence is lacking. This paper reviews evidence bearing on this question provided through five related empirical perspectives. Controlled experimental studies offer special power in identifying and dissecting social learning into its diverse component forms, such as imitation and emulation....

Research on age-related changes in morphology, social behavior, and cognition suggests that the development of bonobos (Pan paniscus) is delayed in comparison to chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). However, there is also evidence for earlier reproductive maturation in bonobos. Since developmental changes such as reproductive maturation are induced by a number of endocrine processes, changes in hormo...

In this paper we introduce a novel concept, which considers all the autonomous devices on the user 's Personal Area Network (PAN) as one big "Virtual Device" having multiple input and output units and providing a coherent and surround interface to the user. Such a concept is quite valuable to the user since it allows him to manage all his devices as one. The paper also proposes and describes a ...

The 'pan-genome' denotes the set of all genes present in the genomes of a group of organisms. Here, we extend the pan-genome concept to higher taxonomic units. Using 573 sequenced genomes, we estimate the size of the bacterial pan-genome based on the frequency of occurrences of genes among sampled genomes. Using gene- and genome-centered approaches, we characterize three distinct pools of gene ...

BACKGROUND: Vermicompost in sustainable agriculture is very useful for improving soil porosity and thereby providing more nutrients to crop. OBJECTIVES: Current research was conducted to evaluate effect of biofertilizer (vermicompost) under different level of irrigation on crop production and protein yield. METHODS: This study was c...

Social tolerance is a core aspect of primate social relationships with implications for the evolution of cooperation, prosociality and social learning. We measured the social tolerance of bonobos in an experiment recently validated with chimpanzees to allow for a comparative assessment of group-level tolerance, and found that the bonobo group studied here exhibited lower social tolerance on ave...