In two studies we presented pictures of unfamiliar faces one at a time, then presented the complete set at test and asked for serial reconstruction of the order of presentation. Serial position functions were similar to those found with verbal materials, with considerable primacy and one item recency, position errors that were mainly to the adjacent serial position, a visual similarity effect, ...

OBJECTIVE To address the disability impact on fine hand motor functions in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) by quantitatively measuring finger opposition movements, with the aim of providing a new "score" integrating current methods for disability assessment. METHODS 40 MS patients (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS): 0-7) and 80 healthy controls (HC) performed a repetitive finger-t...

INTRODUCTION The aims of this study were to determine the severity of cognitive impairment with Brief Repeatable Battery Neuropsychology (BRB-N) and to show the benefits of cognitive rehabilitation programs to develop coping strategies for the retardation of cognitive losses in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients. METHODS The cognitive screening with BRB-N was performed in ...

The influence of presentation format on the effectiveness of multimedia instructions was investigated. According to Cognitive Load Theory (Sweller, Van Merriënboer & Paas, 1998) and Mayer's theory of multimedia learning (Moreno & Mayer, 1999), replacing visual text with audio will decrease working memory load and improve learning (modality effect). This hypothesis was tested in two experiments ...

Numerous studies have emerged recently that demonstrate the possibility of modulating, and in some cases enhancing, cognitive processes by exciting brain regions involved in working memory and attention using transcranial electrical brain stimulation. Some researchers now believe the cerebellum supports cognition, possibly via a remote neuromodulatory effect on the prefrontal cortex. This paper...

IMPORTANCE Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by progressive gray matter (GM) atrophy that strongly correlates with clinical disability. However, whether localized GM atrophy correlates with specific disabilities in patients with MS remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To understand the association between localized GM atrophy and clinical disability in a biology-driven analysis of MS. DESIGN, ...

Depression and exaggerated cardiovascular reactivity are considered risk factors for cardiovascular disease, possibly as a result of common antecedents, such as altered autonomic nervous system function. We examined the association between depressive symptomatology and cardiovascular reactions to psychological stress in 1608 adults (875 women) comprising 3 distinct age cohorts: 24-, 44-, and 63...