We develop efficient methods for simulating processes of Ornstein–Uhlenbeck type related to the class p-tempered $$\alpha $$ -stable ( $$\textrm{TS}^p_\alpha ) distributions. Our results hold both univariate and multivariate cases we consider case where distribution is stationary law it background driving Lévy process. In latter case, also derive an explicit representation transition as this wa...

1. Ecological theory predicts that vector preference for certain host species or discrimination between infected versus uninfected hosts impacts disease incidence. However, little information exists on the extent to which vector withinhost feeding preference mediates transmission. This may be particularly important for plant pathogens, such as sharpshooter transmission of the bacterium Xylella ...

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, important plant mutualists, provide plants with nutrients such as phosphorus (P) in return for carbon. AM fungi also enhance the attractiveness of plants to aphids via effects on emissions of plant volatiles used in aphid host location. We tested whether increased P uptake by plants is the mechanism through which AM fungi alter the volatile profile of plants a...

Although ultraviolet radiation is potentially harmful, it is an important component of terrestrial radiation to which plants have been exposed since invading land. Since then, plants have evolved mechanisms to avoid and repair UV radiation damage. Therefore, it is not surprising that photomorphogenic responses to UV-B and UV-C are often assumed to be adaptations to harmful radiation. Most of th...

Understanding the preference of a crop for forms nitrogen (N) is important to ensure efficient use N-sources in agriculture. A study was conducted assess nutrient uptake and dry matter yield six vegetable crops under different ratios ammonium- N (NH4+-N) nitrate-N (NO3–-N) growth medium. Seedlings cabbage, carrot, capsicum, knolkhol, lettuce, tomato, were supplied with five N-treatments (NH4+-N...