The atmospheric C/O ratio of exoplanets is widely used to constrain their formation. To guarantee that the provides robust information, we need accurately quantify amount C and O in exoplanetary atmospheres. In case O, water carbon monoxide are generally studied as two key carriers. However, oxygen a very reactive element does not bind with carbon; depending on temperature, it also binds refrac...

Water deficit and salinity, especially under high light intensity or in combination with other stresses, disrupt photosynthesis and increase photorespiration, altering the normal homeostasis of cells and cause an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS play a dual role in the response of plants to abiotic stresses functioning as toxic by-products of stress metabolism, as well...

Phosphorus sets the pace of marine biological productivity on geological time scales. Recent estimates of Precambrian phosphorus levels suggest a severe deficit of this macronutrient, with the depletion attributed to scavenging by iron minerals. We propose that the size of the marine phosphorus reservoir was instead constrained by muted liberation of phosphorus during the remineralization of bi...

This work presents a mathematical model of the metabolic feedback and adrenergic feedforward control of coronary blood flow that occur during variations in the cardiac workload. It is based on the physiological observations that coronary blood flow closely follows myocardial oxygen demand, that myocardial oxygen debts are repaid, and that control oscillations occur when the system is perturbed ...

Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) in a full-term infant is a clinically defined syndrome of the disturbed neurologic function in the earliest days after birth in infancy, manifested by difficulty with initiating and maintaining respiration, the depression of the muscle tone and reflexes, the subnormal level of consciousness and often seizures (Nelson & Leviton, 1991). HIE is the term used ...

Introduction: Tumor hypoxia results from the negative balance between the oxygen demands of the tissue and the capacity of the vasculature to deliver satisfactory oxygen provisions. The resulting oxygen deficit has important consequences in the aggressiveness and malignancy of the tumors as well as on their resistance to therapy, endowing the imaging of hypoxia with vital repercussions in tumor...

Two billion years of aerobic evolution have resulted in mammalian cells and tissues that are extremely oxygen-dependent. Exposure to oxygen tensions outside the relatively narrow physiological range results in cellular stress and toxicity. Consequently, hypoxia features prominently in many human diseases, particularly those associated with blood and vascular disorders, including all forms of an...

Acute pulmonary embolism causes redistribution of blood in the lung, which impairs ventilation/perfusion matching and gas exchange and can elevate pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) by increasing pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). An anatomically-based multi-scale model of the human pulmonary circulation was used to simulate pre- and post-occlusion flow, to study blood flow redistribution in t...

While non-point nutrient loads are important determinants of biological productivity in Southeastern Piedmont impoundments, productivity can be attenuated by concomitant sediment loads that reduce the biological availability of these nutrients. A biogeochemical model is proposed that explicitly accounts for the effects of sedimentenutrient interactions on multiple components of phytoplankton me...