OBJECTIVE The dramatic increase in the population with dementia expected in the next decades is accompanied by the establishment of novel and innovated methods that will offer accurate and efficient detection of the disease in its early stages. While Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, by the time it is typically diagnosed, substantial neuronal loss and neuropathological l...

Impairment of cognitive functions occurs frequently in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The conditions most associated with this decline are depression, delirium, mild cognitive impairment and dementia. The mechanisms involved have not been established yet, but some factors, as neuronal damage by uremic toxins, cerebrovascular ischemic lesions, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, anemia, hyper...

Metabolic diseases are becoming more common and severe in populations adhering to western lifestyle. Since metabolic conditions highly diet lifestyle dependent, it is suggested that certain diets the cause for a wide range of dysfunctions. Oxidative stress, excess calcium excretion, inflammation, acidosis features origins most disease. These primary manifestations “metabolic syndrome” can lead ...

Vascular oxidative stress is considered a worsening factor in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels promote accumulation amyloid-? peptide (A?), one main hallmarks AD. In turn, A? potent inducer stress. early stages AD, concomitant action and on brain capillary endothelial cells was observed to compromise blood–brain barrier functionality. t...

Purpose: Aging is related to multiple and systemic dysfunctions in the body, accompanied by metabolic disorders oxidative stress. Although studies are revealing role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress aging-related pathologies, this relationship has not been fully elucidated. In study, it was aimed reveal changes liver function, plasma lipids, markers due aging gender, investigate how these p...

Femtosecond laser at 780 nm excitation wavelength was used to photo-convert the physiological sarcomeric single band (SB) second harmonic generation (SHG) pattern into double band (DB) in Xenopus laevis premetamorphic tail muscles. This photo-conversion was found to be a third order non-linear optical process and was drastically reduced at 940 nm excitation wavelength. This effect was no longer...

IntroductIon According to the demographics, the world population over 60 years will double from 605 million to 2 billion people between 2000 and 2050. Aging is a complex process in which the organism and its ability to respond to external stresses become progressive decline. The degenerative aging process is the major underlying cause for aging‐related diseases, including hypertension, diabetes...

Proper podocyte function within the glomerulus demands a high and continuous energy supply that is mainly derived from the respiratory chain of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Dysregulations in the metabolic homeostasis of podocytes may result in podocyte damage and glomerular disease. This article highlights the current knowledge about podocyte energy supply by the respiratory chain. We revi...

Mitochondrial dysfunctions are known to be responsible for a number of heterogenous clinical presentations with multi-systemic involvement. Impaired oxidative phosphorylation leading to a decrease in cellular energy (ATP) production is the most important cause underlying these disorders. Despite significant progress made in the field of mitochondrial medicine during the last two decades, the mo...