BACKGROUND Severe mammary tissue damage during acute coliform mastitis in cattle is partially caused by oxidative stress. Although considered a gold standard biomarker in some human conditions, the utility of 15-F2t-Isoprostanes (15-F2t-Isop) in detecting oxidative stress in dairy cattle has not been validated. HYPOTHESIS Concentrations of 15-F2t-Isop in plasma, urine, and milk correlate with...

Cerebral malaria (CM) is associated with a high mortality rate, and long-term neurocognitive impairment in approximately one third of survivors. Adjunctive therapies that modify the pathophysiological processes involved in CM may improve outcome over anti-malarial therapy alone. PPARγ agonists have been reported to have immunomodulatory effects in a variety of disease models. Here we report tha...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Several pathways contribute to mechanisms by which ethanol induces oxidant stress. While some studies support a role for cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), others do not. There is a need to develop oral models of significant ethanol-induced liver injury and to evaluate the possible role of CYP2E1 in ethanol actions in such models. METHODS We evaluated chronic ethanol-induced liver ...

Free radicals are produced continuously by skeletal muscle fibers. Extracellular release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) derivatives has been demonstrated, but little is known about intracellular oxidant regulation. We used a fluorescent oxidant probe, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin (DCFH), to assess net oxidant activity in passive muscle fiber bundles isolated from mouse diaph...

Repetitive muscle contraction is associated with increased superoxide production in skeletal muscle. 1-8 There is considerable evidence that muscle fatigue during prolonged exercise is associated with oxidant stress in muscle fibers, and that this stress is indeed partially responsible for the fatigue. Thus, pharmacological strategies which depress the antioxidant defenses of muscle fibers acce...

Bilirubin, the end product of heme catabolism in mammals, is generally regarded as a potentially cytotoxic, lipid-soluble waste product that needs to be excreted. However, in the last 10 years, in vitro and in vivo studies, have demonstrated that bilirubin exhibits potent anti-oxidant properties preventing the oxidative damage triggered by a wide range of oxidant-related stimuli. Therefore, the...

BACKGROUND Loss of p53 renders cells more susceptible to acute oxidant stress induced by oxidant-generating agents such as motexafin gadolinium (MGd). We hypothesized that reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating MGd results in low-level p53 expression, making cells more susceptible to oxidant stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lymphoma cells were incubated with different concentrations of MGd wit...

We have analyzed the anti- or pro-oxidant effects of the flavonoid quercetin (QU) by evaluating, in U937 cell line, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), superoxide anion reduced glutathione (GSH) content, mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA content, phosphatidylserine exposure on the outer face of the plasma membrane and cell viability. Polychromatic flow cytometry was used to evaluate in the same c...

It has been suggested that the more than 1 million black Americans with the A- variant of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD) are at risk for adverse hematologic effects due to inhalation of ambient levels of oxidant gases. To evaluate this hypothesis studies were performed that included direct exposure of human G6PD-deficient red cells, and of mouse strains with different G6PD ...

Intracellular proteolysis is critical to maintain timely degradation of altered proteins including oxidized proteins. This review attempts to summarize the most relevant findings about oxidant protein modification, as well as the impact of reactive oxygen species on the proteolytic systems that regulate cell response to an oxidant environment: the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), autophagy an...