In this paper we investigate whether and in what conditions pronominal anaphora could be acquired by intelligent agents as a means to express recently mentioned entities. The use of pronouns is conditioned by the existence of a memory recording the object previously in focus. The approach follows an evolutionary paradigm of language acquisition. Experiments show that pronouns can be easily incl...

Existing approaches for Chinese zero pronoun resolution typically utilize only syntactical and lexical features while ignoring semantic information. The fundamental reason is that zero pronouns have no descriptive information, which brings difficulty in explicitly capturing their semantic similarities with antecedents. Meanwhile, representing zero pronouns is challenging since they are merely g...

This paper presents an off-line study consisting of five questionnaires in which we observed interpretational preferences for ambiguous intra-sentential pronouns in parallel structures in German and French. We tested the influence of information structural factors, in particular, we compared the effects of topicalizing versus focusing potential antecedents of the ambiguous pronoun. Results repl...

We'll reserve the terms resumptive and resumptive pronouns for the unbounded dependency pronouns that have traditionally received these names. To diverge from common usage at this point would be confusing and it is in any case useful to have terms specifically for this kind of resumption. We'll use the pre-theoretical terms copy raising pronoun and copy pronoun (even though there is no copying ...

The fact that object shift only affects weak pronouns in mainland Scandinavian is seen as an instance of a more general observation that can be made in all Germanic languages: weak function words tend to avoid the edges of larger prosodic domains. This generalisation has been formulated within Optimality Theory in terms of alignment constraints on prosodic structure by Selkirk (1996) in explain...

According to a composite of several well-esteemed English dictionary definitions, the word context has two primary meanings. Most basically, it is defined from a linguistic viewpoint as “a group of words of interest that either precede or follow another word or passage, usually influencing its meaning or effect.” (Aside: In linguistic semantics, the phenomenon that the interpretation of an expr...

This paper will provide an LFG-based analysis of anaphoric relations in possessive and prepositional constructions in Jakaltek (an ergative Mayan language). In doing so it not only offers a solution to some previously unaccounted for language-internal incongruities, but also shows Jakaltek’s realisation of anaphoric relations of this type to be of typological and theoretical significance. Essen...

Pronouns constitute a heterogeneous class of linguistic elements, allowing for expression referential relationships. have an important place in daily communication which speakers and listeners rely heavily on for. Aphasia literature has evidenced that pronoun processing is impaired people with aphasia (PWA), although explanations underpinning impairments are mixed. To address this, through syst...

1 Volkswagenstiftung Förderinitiative Documentation of Endangered Languages – Dokumentation bedrohter Sprachen (DoBeS) 3 Summary This project will investigate the relative frequencies of core parts of speech, such as nouns, verbs, and pronouns, in spoken language corpora of seven languages that represent a wide range of areal and typological diversity. We focus on two research questions: (1) Wh...

3 Detailed Guidelines 8 3.1 Idioms and Near Idioms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.2 Referring Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.2.1 Pronouns and Definite Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.2.2 Resumptive Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...