Recent studies have demonstrated that gene set analysis, which tests disease association with genetic variants in a group of functionally related genes, is a promising approach for analyzing and interpreting genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data. These approaches aim to increase power by combining association signals from multiple genes in the same gene set. In addition, gene set analysis...

IMPORTANCE The search for novel Alzheimer disease (AD) genes or pathologic mutations within known AD loci is ongoing. The development of array technologies has helped to identify rare recessive mutations among long runs of homozygosity (ROHs), in which both parental alleles are identical. Caribbean Hispanics are known to have an elevated risk for AD and tend to have large families with evidence...

At a crossroads, global public health surveillance exists in a fragmented state. Slow to detect, register, confirm, and analyze cases of public health significance, provide feedback, and communicate timely and useful information to stakeholders, global surveillance is neither maximally effective nor optimally efficient. Stakeholders lack a globa surveillance consensus policy and strategy; offic...

Most natural <span>world data involves overlapping communities where an object may belong to one or more clusters, referred as clustering. However, it is worth mentioning that these algorithms have a significant drawback. Since some of the algorithm uses k-means, also inherits characteristics being noise sensitive due arithmetic mean value which noisy can considerably influence and affect...

The increasingly larger scale of available data and the more restrictive concerns on their privacy are some of the challenging aspects of data mining today. In this paper, Entropy-based Consensus on Cluster Centers (EC3) is introduced for clustering in distributed systems with a consideration for confidentiality of data; i.e. it is the negotiations among local cluster centers that are used in t...

A combinatorial construction proves an identity for the product of the Pfaffian of a skew-symmetric matrix by the Pfaffian of one of its submatrices. Several applications of this identity are followed by a brief history of Pfaffians. 0. Definitions. Let X be a possibly infinite index set. We consider quantities f [xy] defined on ordered pairs of elements of X , satisfying the law of skew symmet...

An ideal system of n qubits has 2 dimensions. This exponential grants power, but also hinders characterizing the system’s state and dynamics. We study a new problem: the qubits in a physical system might not be independent. They can “overlap,” in the sense that an operation on one qubit slightly affects the others. We show that allowing for slight overlaps, n qubits can fit in just polynomially...