Robust steganography is a technique of hiding secret messages in images so that the message can be recovered after additional image processing. One most popular processing operations JPEG recompression. Unfortunately, today's steganographic methods addressing this issue only provide probabilistic guarantee recovering and are consequently not errorless. That unacceptable since even single unexpe...

the problem of utilizing undesirable (bad) outputs in dea models often need replacing the assumption of free disposability of outputs by weak disposability of outputs. the kuosmanen technology is the only correct representation of the fully convex technology exhibiting weak disposability of bad and good outputs. also, there are some specific features of non-radial data envelopment analysis (dea...

This paper investigates two feature-scoring criteria that make use of estimated class probabilities: one method proposed by Shen et al. (2008) and a complementary approach proposed below. We develop a theoretical framework to analyze each criterion and show that both estimate the spread (across all values of a given feature) of the probability that an example belongs to the positive class. Base...

In spite of many achievements against the Millennium Development Goals, the gains from economic growth and poverty reduction have been accompanied by growing inequality and low income people are part of development on adverse terms. These issues inform debates about inclusive development: How can the terms and conditions for low income people’s participation in national development be changed f...