Various numbering schemes are used to track different versions and revisions of files, software packages, and documents. One major challenge in this regard is the lack of an all-purpose, adaptive, comprehensive and efficient standard. To resolve the challenge, this article presents Quadruple Adaptive Version Numbering Scheme. In the proposed scheme, the version identifier consists of four integ...

In 2004, W. C. Ku and S. M. Chen proposed an efficient remote user authentication scheme using smart cards to solve the security problems of Chien et al.’s scheme. Recently, Hsu and Yoon et al. pointed out the security weaknesses of the Ku and Chen’s scheme Furthermore, Yoon et al. also proposed a new efficient remote user authentication scheme using smart cards. Yoon et al. also modified the p...

In 2003, Wu and Chieu proposed a user friendly remote authentication scheme using smart cards. Later, Yang and Wang pointed out that Wu and Chieu’s scheme is vulnerable to the password guessing and forgery attacks. Recently, Lee et al. proposed an improved authentication scheme and claimed that their scheme is secure against forgery attack. However, in this paper, we illustrate that Lee et al.’...

A three-factor authentication combines biometrics information with user password and smart card to provide security-enhanced user authentication. An proposed user authentication scheme improved Das’s scheme. But An’s scheme is not secure against denial of service attack in login phase, forgery attack. Li et al. pointed out them and proposed three-factor remote user authentication scheme with ke...

A three-factor authentication combines biometrics information with user password and smart card to provide security-enhanced user authentication. An’s scheme provides more improved user authentication than Das’s scheme. But An’s scheme is not secure against denial of service attack in login phase, forgery attack. Li et al. pointed out them and proposed three-factor remote user authentication sc...

In 2013, Li et al. pointed out the security problems of Chen’s password authentication scheme. they proposed an enhanced smart card based remote user password authentication scheme and claimed their scheme is secure against replay attacks, forgery attacks. In this paper, we state that the scheme is vulnerable to user impersonation attack. It also suffers from user anonymity violation and clock ...

Hwang and Li proposed the first remote user authentication scheme using smart cards to solve the problems of Lamport scheme. Unfortunately, Hwang and Li’s scheme has some security weaknesses. First, ChanChang, ShenLinHwang and then Chang-Hwang pointed out some attacks on Hwang – Li’s scheme. This paper presents a new remote user authentication scheme with forward secrecy, which provides forward...

* Corresponding author Summary Even though user anonymity is an important issue in many ecommerce applications, most of smartcard-based remote authentication schemes did not considered user identities protection while authenticating the users. In 2004, Das et al. proposed a remote authentication scheme by preserving the users' anonymity. Their scheme adopted dynamic identification to achieve th...

In 2012, Yeh and Tsaur proposed an advanced scheme for access control in mobile pay-TV systems based on pairing and elliptic curve, which were inherent in the cryptography of Sun and Leu’s scheme. In their paper, they pointed out two weaknesses in Sun and Leu’s scheme and tried to overcome these weaknesses. However, we still found that Yeh and Tsaur’s scheme was not secure. In this research, we...

We first analyze the security of a short signature scheme without random oracles called ZCSM scheme and point out that it cannot support unforgeable under the chosen message and public key attacks. We also propose a new signature scheme without random oracle using bilinear pairing that is existentially unforgeable under a chosen message attack. The security of the proposed scheme depends on a c...