Introduction The idea of the value added taxation (VAT) traces back to the writing by von Siemens, a German businessman, in the 1920s. Not until 1948, however, was the tax first applied in France. At the beginning, France applied the GNP-based VAT covering up to the manufacturing level and subsequently replaced it with a consumption VAT in 1954. Theory and practice indicate that to be efficient...

Abstract We explore the fiscal sustainability in six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries over period 1990–2017. Panel unit root tests presence of cross-sectional dependence for government revenues, expenditures, primary balance, and debt reach mixed results. However, cointegration reveal that a long-run relationship exists between revenues while deficit is controversial. estimates cointegr...

the authors examine the effects of government expenditure on economic growth in iran, using annual data for the period of 1973-2003. in this paper, they lookat the offects of human, physical capital, and government budget on gdp. in the model developed in this paper, accumulation of human capital is dependent on physical. human capital, and government budget as well. the result indicate that go...

The aim of this paper is to show whether the current system environmental taxation and policies states efficient for solving problems. We analyze link between tax revenues total government expenditure as independent variables expenditures protection dependent variable in selected EU countries. By implementation panel data regression analysis on a defined sample, we came conclusion that among ob...

We estimate that the short- to medium-term fiscal impact of previous pandemics has been significant in 170 countries (including low-income countries) during 2000–2018 period. The varied, with affecting government expenditures more than revenues advanced economies, while converse applies developing countries. Using a subset 45 for which tax reform data are available, we find past have propelled ...