The multi scale approach was pioneered by Tadmor, Ortiz and Phillips [1] for atomistic-based quasi-continuum analysis of dislocations and hardening plasticity of polycrystalline metals. In that case, the structural failure is due to necking, which is caused by nonlinear geometric effects of finite strain, or to sharp fracture, which is modelled separately (see also [2]). There can be no dispute...

Our subjective experience of the world is ‘unitary coherent’ (UC). ‘Unitary’ means we only perceive one interpretation at a time rather than a blur of multiple possible worlds. ‘Coherent’ means that we almost always perceive scenes that do not contain contradictory parts. While this form of first-person perceptual experience may seem obvious, it is in opposition to the requirements of optimal d...

Abstract Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare necrotising vasculitis of unknown aetiology affecting small and medium-sized vessels the upper respiratory tract, lungs, other organs. It most common anti-neutrophil-cytoplasmic-antibody (ANCA) associated disorder. While otologic manifestations are identified in up to 70% cases, it occasionally misdiagnosed this cohort patients. We prese...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the causes of persistent nasal obstruction of patients after septoplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS After exclusion of allergic rhinitis, non-allergic rhinitis and nasal polyposis, this study included 90 patients with nasal breathing problem who underwent septoplasty at least 4 months ago. After taking full history and completing otorhinologic...

A 49-year-old female with a history of several neurosurgical and otolaryngologic procedures for occipital meningioma and cerebrospinal fluid leaks was diagnosed with pneumocephalus after a one hour flight on a domestic jet airliner. Despite multiple operations, the air appeared to enter the cranium through a weak portion of the skull base due to the low atmospheric pressure in the cabin. The in...

BACKGROUND Olfactory disorders are common complaints in ENT clinics. We investigated causes and relevant features of olfactory disorders and the need for gustatory testing in patients with olfactory dysfunction. MATERIAL/METHODS A total of 140 patients seeking medical consultations were enrolled. All patients were asked about their olfactory disorders in a structured interview of medical hist...

Ever since Pasteur showed that spoilage was due to microorganisms, food preservation has been primarily concerned with finding methods for reducing the microbial populations. In order to extend the edible life of shellfish, its bacterial contamination must be reduced to levels sufficiently low to prevent their metabolic products from subverting these foods before they are consumed. Shellfish fo...