Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is currently the modality of choice for detecting meniscal injuries and planning subsequent treatment. A thorough understanding of the imaging protocols, normal meniscal anatomy, surrounding anatomic structures, and anatomic variants and pitfalls is critical to ensure diagnostic accuracy and prevent unnecessary surgery. High-spatial-resolution imaging of the meni...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Osgood Schlatter syndrome presents in growing children (boys, 12-15 years; girls, 8-12 years) with local pain, swelling and tenderness over the tibial tuberosity. Symptoms are exacerbated with sporting activities that involve jumping (basketball, volleyball, running) and/or on direct contact (e.g. kneeling). With increased participation of adolescent children in sports, we cri...

Aim of the study: The authors present a prospective histomorphological study of middle ear ossicles, harvested from cholesteatomous ears, to evaluate for presence of residual cholesteatoma after mechanical treatment and short-time autoclaving. Materials and methods: Sixty ossicles were used as specimens in this study. The ossicles were grouped as follows: Group A ossicles stripped and burred us...

The three small bones of the human middle ear—the malleus, incus and stapes—have been the subject of research since the mid fifteenth century (Arensburg et al., 1981). Consequently, knowledge of their anatomy and embryology is extensive (e.g. Schuknecht & Gulya, 1986; McPhee & Van de Water, 1988). Middle ear bones have also been well studied in other extant primates and in Neanderthals (e.g., M...

The origin of neural crest-derived ectomesenchymal condensations located subjacent to scleral papillae and the development of the more deeply situated scleral ossicles were investigated in scleral tissues explanted from the eyes of chick embryos at Hamburger & Hamilton (1952) stages 30-38 (6 1/2-12 days of incubation). Explants were pulse labelled with [3H]thymidine for 4h in vitro. Nuclear cou...

OBJECTIVE The first aim was to determine the prevalence, kind, and functional effects on hearing of ossicular chain suffering (OCS) in chronic otitis without cholesteatoma (NCOM) and tympanic perforations (TP). The second aim was to correlate the findings with clinical parameters and hearing level. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group comprised 250 consecutive patients affected by NCOM and w...

Accessory ossicles of the foot and ankle are normal variants of bone development that usually remain asymptomatic. However, they may be involved in various disorders and become a source of pain such as in fractures, dislocations, degenerative changes, osteonecrosis, osteoarthritis, osteochondral lesions, avascular necrosis, and irritation or impingement of adjacent soft tissues. Hence, during t...

In 2005, a patient in my practice developed complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS 1) after bunion surgery. The condition was properly diagnosed within 4 weeks with a diagnostic technique that I routinely use to diagnose chronic musculoskeletal pain, and it was successfully treated. The tests, which are based on primitive and postural reflexes in infants, were adapted to reflect normal and...

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are well-established agents for inducing orthotopic and ectopic bone formation. However, their clinical usefulness as regenerative agents may be limited by a short in vivo half-life and low specific activity. BMP gene therapy is an alternative route for exploiting the bone-inductive activity of this class of molecules. To test the feasibility of this approach,...