T he introduction of the cephalometer to orthodontics provided the avenue for the creation of cephalometric analyses. Cotton, Takano, and Wong,6 Altemus,’ Chang4 and Drummondg were among those who provided the clinician with guides and standards for specific racial groups which were different from the classic Caucasian norms found in most analyses. The present study was concerned with a single ...

a laser is a collimated single wavelength of light which delivers a concentrated source of energy. soon after different types of lasers were invented, investigators began to examine the effects of different wavelengths of laser energy on oral tissues, routine dental procedures and experimental applications. orthodontists, along with other specialist in different fields of dentistry, can now ben...

introduction: the aim of this study was to evaluate the role of teeth and lips in the perception of smile esthetics.   materials and methods: thirty women, ranging between 20 and 30 years of age, all with class i canine and molar relationships and no history of orthodontic treatment, were chosen. five black and white photographs were taken of each participant in a natural head position while sm...

cephalometric norms of mcnamara analysis have been studied in various populations due to their optimal efficiency. dolphin cephalometric software greatly enhances the conduction of this analysis for orthodontic measurements. however, dolphin is very expensive and cannot be afforded by many clinicians in developing countries. a suitable alternative software program in farsi/english will greatly ...

background : incidence of  white  spots due  to  demineralization of  enamel  and  gingival problems  is  an  unacceptable  result  of  orthodontic  treatment.  plaque  accumulation  and bacterial biofilm growth are responsible for these phenomena. the resin-based dental composites used as bonding agents in orthodontics play a major role in mentioned problems. as recent researches assert the an...

Abstract Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate quality information uploaded onto Internet regarding accelerated orthodontics. Materials and methods selected search terms ‘accelerated orthodontics’, ‘rapid ‘speed braces’, braces’ were searched by three commonly used engines (Google, Yahoo, Bing), URLs top 50 websites recorded. evaluated using DISCERN, HONcode, Journal American M...

A brief history of digital photography is provided along with a critical appraisal of the 'prosumer' and professional systems currently available. Recommendations are made as to the system best suited to current orthodontic practice.

Late in orthodontics' second millennium, we paused to retrace the path that brought us to be practitioners of "the latest and the best" as Angle might have put it. What we thought was state of the art proved to be only a stepping stone along that path. The best was yet to come.