OBJECTIVE To systematically review the evidence for the prevention of type 2 diabetes by pharmacological therapies. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Randomized controlled trials and cohort studies examining the effect of oral hypoglycemic agents, antiobesity agents, antihypertensive agents, statins, fibrates, and estrogen on the incidence of type 2 diabetes were identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE, th...

We investigated the effects of different weight loss protocols on leptin levels in obese females with the aim of addressing the leptin resistance which has been found to be an aggravating factor in obesity. Twenty-four obese females enrolled to one of three 12-week weight loss protocols: orlistat-induced weight loss (OWL, n=8), exercise-induced weight loss (EWL, n=8) and orlistat plus exercise-...

Kulkarni BV, Mattes RD. Lingual lipase activity in the orosensory detection of fat by humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 306: R879–R885, 2014. First published April 2, 2014; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00352.2013.—Lingual lipase generates nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) from dietary fats during oral processing by lipolysis. Lingual lipase in rodents has strong lipolytic activity and plays ...

BACKGROUND/AIM For chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients with poor-prognostic genomic aberrations the therapeutic options are limited. We used the Spectrum Collection library to identify compounds with anti-leukemia activity in high-risk CLL. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified substances with equal high cytotoxic activity in vitro in samples from poor-prognostic CLL (11q-/17p-, n=3) as...

Canagliflozin, an inhibitor of sodium glucose co-transporter (SGLT) 2, has been shown to reduce body weight during the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, we sought to determine the role of canagliflozin in body weight loss and liver injury in obesity. C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet to simulate diet-induced obesity (DIO). Canagliflozin (15 and 60 mg/kg) was admi...

CONTEXT Cholecystokinin (CCK) and neurotensin are stimulated during meal intake by the presence of fat in the small intestine. The sequence of events suggests that fat hydrolysis is crucial for triggering the release. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether CCK mediated the effect of intraduodenal (ID) fat on neurotensin secretion via CCK-1 receptors. SETTING This was a s...

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among Western men and accounts for the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Prostate cancer tends to grow slowly and recent studies suggest that it relies on lipid fuel more than on aerobic glycolysis. However, the biochemical mechanisms governing the relationships between lipid synthesis, lipid utilization, and cancer growth r...