Female masculinisation (FM) in gastropods (imposex, intersex and ovo-testis) has been documented in > 260 species globally. Biomonitoring studies use FM to indirectly assess the presence of tributyltin (TBT), a once popular biocide in antifouling paint, which has since been regulated. Laboratory studies confirm that FM in gastropods can be induced not only by TBT, but other tin (Sn) compounds, ...

Butyltin species were measured in sediments from coastal locations in the Gulf and Gulf of Oman. Both butyltin and phenyltin species were measured in biota samples from four countries in this region. With tributyltin (TBT) concentrations up to 60 ngSng(-1), some sediments could be classified as contaminated (i.e. TBT>1.3 ngSng(-1)), namely Dukhan (Qatar), the BAPCO industrial complex and Askar ...

In archived samples from the German environmental specimen bank (ESB) organotin compounds including tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) as well as their potential degradation products were quantified. Muscles of bream (Abramis brama) sampled in the period 1993-2003 from the rivers Rhine, Elbe, Saale, Mulde, Saar, and from Lake Belau (period 1988-2003) were analyzed by gas chromatography/at...

Uwakai of Japan is famous for pearl and yellowtail fish culture. Recently, pearl culture farming in that region has suffered from a low production of pearls. An illegal use of organotin antifouling paints on fishing nets was reported. In the line of pollution studies, thus, the present investigation was carried out to examine the contamination status and fate of organotin compounds. Totally, 23...

A novel macrocyclic organotin(iv) carboxylate {[n-Bu2Sn(O)]9(CH2CH3)2L}·3CH2CH3OH (complex 1) (L = (9-carboxymethyl-1,3,8,10-tetraoxo-3,8,9,10-tetrahydro-1H-anthra[2,1,9-def;6,5,10-d'e'f']diisoquinolin-2-yl)-acetic acid) was generated by the reaction of dibutyltin oxide with amide dicarboxylic acid L and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. X-ray crystallogr...

A novel method for palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryl bromides promoted by low-level tri-n-butyltin chloride or cyanide is described. The method features low catalyst loading and mild reaction conditions. KCN is used as the cyanide source. Only trace levels of the tri-n-butyltin compound are required to achieve high conversion and yield in the cyanation of aryl bromides, iodides, and triflates.

In the present work we report the results obtained in the reaction of βstannylketones (I) with t-BuONa in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and acetonitrile (ACN) as solvents. The reaction mechanisms probably involved are proposed. Introduction In the reaction of β-functionalized organotin compounds (I) with t-BuONa in t-BuOH there is a competition between an elimination reaction [(E1cB)R], leading to o...

Organotins, especially tributyltins (TBT) are highly toxic to many marine organisms. These compounds are introduced in marine waters by ship trafficking, ship scrapping activities, as antifouling compounds and sewage disposal. Marine fishes, crustaceans and molluscans are easily prone to organotins contamination. In view of this, a baseline monitoring study was conducted in order to establish t...

Grafting reactive molecular complexes on dehydroxylated amorphous silica is a strategy to develop "single-site" heterogeneous catalysts. In general, only the reactivity of isolated silanols is invoked for silica dehydroxylated at 700 °C ([SiO(2-700)]), though ca. 10% of the surface silanols are in fact geminal Q2-silanols. Here we report the reaction of allyltributylstannane with [SiO(2-700)] a...