With the rapid development in China's IT outsourcing industry, the number of employees in software outsourcing enterprises increases rapidly. IT expatriates not only bring huge economic benefits to the software company, but also reduce the customers’ development and operation costs, improving IT performance. However, since these expatriates who are away from the parent company, are working in c...

Background: One of the most important issues in empowering and developing managers is paying attention to spiritual intelligence and its effect on organizational commitment and productivity of projects in the organization. So the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of spiritual quotient (SQ) training on organizational commitment and productivity in project managers. Meth...

This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between job characteristics, perceived organizational justice, and organizational commitment among the staff of the Ministry of Education in Mazandaran Province. The design of this descriptive, applied research was correlational. The statistical population of the study consisted of all employees of the General Directorate of Education i...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to test a multilevel model linking unit-level leader-member exchange quality and structural empowerment to nurses' psychological empowerment and organizational commitment at the individual level of analysis. BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the contextual effects of unit leadership on individual nurse outcomes. Workplace empowerment has been related to ...