A number of application for enzymes in organic solvents have been developed in chemical processing, food related conversions and analyses. The only unsolved problem related to nonaqueous enzymology is the notion that enzymes in organic solvent are mostly far less active than in water. Therefore, studies concerning the mechanisms by which enzymes are inactivated by organic solvents would reveal ...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between environmental vapor concentrations in organic solvent workplaces and size of enterprises, and to examine if occupational hygiene conditions were better in larger-scale enterprises. For this purpose, a total of 3,567 solvent workplaces were surveyed for environmental solvent vapor concentrations in 1999 to 2002. The results...

Although TPPS undergoes photo-bleaching in ethanol or DMSO alone, it formed J-aggregates in the mixed solvent of ethanol and DMSO under UV irradiation, and the formed J-aggregate showed chirality due to chiral-symmetry-breaking.

A review is given on the development of passive samplers for aquatic environments. Passive samplers that are simple and easy to use and with minimal consumption of organic solvents to desorb the analytes from the trapping media are focused. New developments in quality assurance procedures are highlighted.

Luminescent cyclometalated complex [Pt(L)py]+ (1) immobilised in Nafion film exhibits a solvatochromic shift in emission maximum from 530 to 650 nm upon immersion in ethanol but no effect is detected with aprotic organic solvents, whereas the emission of the [Pt(L)]+ luminophore anchored in silica materials shows a blue shift from approximately 665 to 550 nm upon exposure to pentane vapour but ...

A case-control study of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been carried out in western Norway. The study included 93% of the patients who had clinical onset of MS in the county of Hordaland during the years 1976-86 (N = 155) and 200 controls, marginally matched for age, sex and residence. There was no statistically significant difference between MS patients and controls with regard to exposure to orga...

A channel-type assembly of gamma-cyclodextrin (gamma-CD(channel)) forms organogels in a variety of oils and organic solvents at ambient temperature through the construction of a three-dimensional network of micrometer-sized cubic particles composed of gamma-CD(channel).

A cross-reactive colorimetric sensor array composed of solvatochromic dyes in semi-liquid matrices was used to successfully discriminate among eleven common solvents. The multidimensional array response is attributed to both chemical (i.e., analyte-dye interactions) and physical (i.e., spot blooming and refractive index alteration) changes in the sensor spot.

Proteases are very important industrial enzymes, which contribute about 60% of the total world enzyme market. Among the various proteases, bacterial proteases are the most significant, compared with animal and fungal proteases (Rahman et al., 1994) and among bacteria, Bacillus sp are specific producers of extra-cellular proteases (Coolbear et al., 1992; Banerjee et al., 1999). These enzymes hav...