Formation flight can result in large induced drag reductions. Optimum spanloads for a group of aircraft flying in an arrow formation were found using a discrete vortex method with a Trefftz plane analysis under constraints in lift, pitching moment and rolling moment coefficients. It has been shown that large reductions in induced drag can be obtained when the spanwise and vertical distances bet...

OBJECTIVE Using Worldwide Esophageal Cancer Collaboration data, we sought to (1) characterize the relationship between survival and extent of lymphadenectomy, and (2) from this, define optimum lymphadenectomy. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA What constitutes optimum lymphadenectomy to maximize survival is controversial because of variable goals, analytic methodology, and generalizability of the under...

This paper investigates the transmit (Tx) beamforming design to maximize the throughput of a multiple-input multiple-output multicast channel, where common information is sent from the base station to K users simultaneously. This so-called max-min fair beamforming problem is known to be NP-hard. When the base station is equipped with two Tx antennas, we prove that the original complex-valued be...

Surgery offers the optimum modality of treatment for inverted papilloma although a considerable range of operative approaches have been described. The results are presented in a cohort of 37 cases treated by both endoscopic and combined endoscopic and external approaches with a recurrence rate of eight and 21 per cent respectively. This series is compared with those in the literature and demons...