Dear Editor, Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most frequent complications after cardiac surgery. It occurs in approximately 20% to 35% of patients after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and in more than 50% of patients after valve surgery (1). AF after cardiac surgery is a major cause of patients’ morbidity and mortality. Moreover, it can prolong hospitalization and increase he...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although several studies have suggested opium as a risk factor for cancers of the esophagus, stomach, larynx, lung, and bladder, no previous study has examined the association of opium with pancreatic cancer. We aimed to study the association between opium use and risk of pancreatic cancer in Iran, using a case-control design. We also studied the association of cigarette smo...

BACKGROUND Opium abuse is one of the widespread social problems, and one of the most worrying aspects of it is the effect of parents' drug abuse on the fetus. OBJECTIVES The present study has investigated the correlation between opium abuse during pregnancy in mothers with congenital heart defects in their children. MATERIALS AND METHODS From early 2009 to late 2011, for two consecutive yea...

This modelling project examines the short-run effects of a program wherein the United States becomes the primary buyer of opium produced in Afghanistan and thereby reduces the global supply of heroin (refined opium). This research demonstrates that supply-side intervention will result in a large decrease in short-run world heroin supply, as well as many beneficial side effects. The U.S. heroin ...

To the Editor, The Indian Medical Gazette Sir,?Having read with much interest the contribution in the current number of the Indian Medical Gazette by Lieutenant-Colonel R. N. Chopra and Dr. J. P. Bose entitled ' Psychological Aspects of Opium Addiction', may I be allowed to call the attention of these authors to recent studies in the treatment of the opium and morphia habit with insulin? In the...

We investigated the effect of high spinal anesthesia on postoperative delirium in opium dependent patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The study was conducted in a tertiary referral university hospital on a population of 60 opium dependent patients undergoing CABG surgery. Patients were divided into two groups based on anesthesia protocol. One group were given general ane...

For centuries, the word "addiction" meant being "given over" or devoted to something. However, the 19th century temperance and anti-opium movements used it in a more restrictive way, linking "addiction" to drugs, to illness or vice, and to withdrawal symptoms and tolerance. Both the traditional and restrictive meanings survived into the present. In the ensuing uncertainty about its meaning, som...

Poppy, a plant belonging to the papaveraceae family, is source of opium.It that blooms. It has sedative, somniferous, and neurotoxic properties in addition being cerebrally poisonous. Due its nature, opium causes variety adverse effects, including anxiety, seizures, hallucinations, sleepiness, giddiness, many more. In order create various types analgesic medications cure pain promote sleep, thi...

IN the January, 1872, number of the Indian Medical Gazette is an article on "Opium," written by Dr. Moore, wherein that gentleman states that, from personal observation, he arrives at the conclusion, " that opium-eating when moderately indulged in?as it generally is?produces no decided or even appreciable ill effect." Moreover, that the use of opium, under certain circumstances, is beneficial. ...

BACKGROUND Opiates are the main drugs of abuse, and Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) is the most widely administered drug addiction treatment program in Iran. Our study aimed to investigate patterns of pre-treatment drug abuse, addiction treatment history and characteristics of patients in MMT in Tehran. METHODS We applied a stratified cluster random sampling technique and conducted a cr...