BACKGROUND Recognition of the predisposing factors of bladder cancer is very important and provides possible prevention measures. The aim of this study was to investigate the types, distribution of bladder tumors and their relationship with opium consumption and smoking in patients who referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Babol, Iran. METHODS In this case-control study, all patients diagnose...

An aromatic amino acid decarboxylase DNA fragment was generated from opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) genomic DNA by the PCR using primers designed from conserved amino acid sequences of other aromatic amino acid decarboxylase genes. Using this fragment as a probe, a genomic clone was isolated that encodes a new member of the opium poppy tyrosine/3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase gene...

S-Adenosyl-l-methionine:tetrahydroprotoberberine cis-N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.122) catalyzes the conversion of (S)-stylopine to the quaternary ammonium alkaloid, (S)-cis-N-methylstylopine, as a key step in the biosynthesis of protopine and benzophenanthridine alkaloids in plants. A full-length cDNA encoding a protein exhibiting 45 and 48% amino acid identity with coclaurine N-methyltransfe...

Thomas De Quincey exploits his rivalry with Samuel Taylor Coleridge to structure many of the key features most famous work, ‘Confessions an English Opium-Eater’ (1821). Quincey's idolization began early and survived anger disappointment he felt after collapse their friendship discovery Coleridge's intellectual duplicity. In ‘Confessions’, accounts himself as a scholar Greek literature, Ricardia...

was a great opium-eater and gunja-smoker. On his return home he took about 5 grs. of opium on an empty stomach, and afterwards partook of a hearty meal of bread and dhal. The next day his bowels were constipated and with difficulty he evacuated a small hard lump of faeces. Since then he has had no action from the bowels, though he strained a good deal. He was always accustomed to have his bowel...

Levels of opium poppy cultivation in Afghanistan’s provinces and districts rise and fall depending on a range of factors that are not well understood. Declines in cultivation are often attributed to the political commitment of the provincial and local authorities and the role of information campaigns, while the underlying power and economic dynamics that drive these changes receive little atten...

The opium poppy, Papaver somniferum L., is the source of both poppy seeds and opium. The commercially available seeds are widely used as ingredients for various kinds of food. IgE-mediated sensitization to poppy seeds is rare, but, if present, clinical symptoms are usually severe. Cross-sensitizations between poppy seeds and other food allergens have been described with sesame, hazelnut, rye gr...

Alternative development is closely associated with reductions in drug crop cultivation at the local level. However, currently these local successes cannot be directly attributed to alternative development interventions because the motivations and circumstances that determine household drug crop cultivation remain largely unexplored. Research has tended to focus on aggregate trends in drug crop ...

objectives the aim of this study was to evaluate the biological effects of opium on the number of peripheral blood cells and red blood cells (rbcs) indices in diabetic rats. materials and methods peripheral blood samples were collected from diabetic, opium-addicted, diabetic opium-addicted and normal male and female rats and hematological parameters were measured. results the mean number of whi...