background and objective: biodeterioration is an irreversible damage that is caused by colonization of microorganisms on the surface of different materials. among all microorganisms, fungi play an important role in deterioration of materials. fungi can colonize on stone surfaces and by secreting different enzymes, organic and inorganic acids and pigments, can cause bio-weathering and changing n...

Twelve new species in three different genera from the spider family Ochyroceratidae are described from mainland Ecuador: Speocera bioforestae sp. n., Speocera violacea sp. n., Speocera musgo sp. n., Ochyrocera rinocerotos sp. n., Ochyrocera callaina sp. n., Ochyrocera italoi sp. n., Ochyrocera minotaure sp. n., Ochyrocera losrios sp. n., Ochyrocera zabaleta sp. n., Ochyrocera otonga sp. n., Och...

The species of the Afrotropical genus Trichiscus are revised. Fourteen species are recognized, two previously described species, T. wittei Benoît and T. suzannae Benoît, and twelve new: T. noorti sp. nov., T. denisi sp. nov., T. briani sp. nov., T. copelandi sp. nov., T. mourei sp. nov., T. lynnae sp. nov., T. normani sp. nov., T. luboi sp. nov., T. zuparkoi sp. nov., T. ohli sp. nov., T. camar...

Eleven new species of Chrysotus Meigen are described from southwest China: C. adunatus sp. nov., C. agraulus sp. nov., C. anshunus sp. nov., C. apicicaudatus sp. nov., C. biprojicienus sp. nov., C. fanjingshanus sp. nov., C. fuscitibialis sp. nov., C. laxifacialus sp. nov., C. pallidus sp. nov., C. trapezinus sp. nov. and C. xinanus sp. nov. which belong to the redefined Chrysotus laesus specie...

Surfactant protein A (SP-A) constitutes an important part of the innate immune defense in the lung. In humans there are two functional genes (SP-A1 and SP-A2). The functional importance of having two distinct chain types in human SP-A is undefined. Amino acid substitutions in the primary structure of the protein may have effects on structural stability or on activity. To address this issue, SP-...

Objective Genetic and morphologic similarities between mouse embryonic stem cell (ESCs) and Primordial Germ Cell (PGCs) make it difficult to distinguish the two cell types in in vitro differentiation. Using the expression of specific markers of germ cells that are not expressed or expressed at low levels in ESCs, can help recognizing in vitro differentiated cells MaterialsAndMethods In this stu...

The species of the Neoserica(sensu lato)calva group are revised. Neosericacalva Frey, 1972, comb. n. is redescribed. Thirteen new species are described from China and South Korea: Neosericaailaoshanica sp. n., Neosericaanonyma sp. n., Neosericacalvoides sp. n., Neosericagulinqingensis sp. n., Neosericakoelkebecki sp. n., Neosericaliangi sp. n., Neosericaluxiensis sp. n., Neosericamenghaiensis s...