"Lumpy" increments to capital stock are warranted by increasing returns to plant construction. Following Boiteux, we attempt to reconcile the resulting double mismatch between capacity and demand, and between revenue and cost. Ignoring the budget problem at first, we derive conditions for optimal prices and for the optimal size and frequency of investment projects. Price is set at marginal oper...

Facing a projected $1.4M deficit on a $35M operating budget for fiscal year 2011/2012, members of the Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine developed and implemented an explicit, transparent, criteria-based priority setting process for resource reallocation. A task group that included representatives from across the Faculty of Medicine used a program budgeting and marginal analysis (PBMA) fr...

In this paper, a simple technique for encoding fractional bit components used in fixed-rate Gaussian mixture model-based (GMM) block quantisers is presented. While block transform image coding has not been very popular lately in the presence of current state-of-the-art wavelet-based coders, the GMM-based block quantiser, without the use of entropy coding, is still very competitive in the class ...

Reflective electro-absorption modulation-intensity modulators (REAM-IMs) are utilized, for the first time, to experimentally demonstrate colorless ONUs in single-fiber-based, bidirectional, intensity-modulation and direct-detection (IMDD), optical OFDM PONs (OOFDM-PONs) incorporating 25 km SSMFs and OLT-side-seeded CW optical signals. The colorlessness of the REAM-IMs is characterized, based on...

By running life tests at higher stress levels than normal operating conditions, accelerated life testing quickly yields information on the lifetime distribution of a test unit. The lifetime at the design stress is then estimated through extrapolation using a regression model. To conduct an accelerated life test efficiently with constrained resources in practice, several decision variables such ...

The cost budget of distributed enterprises depends on large quantities of operating data and aggregates data. Policymakers of these enterprise groups work out their cost budget according to their subjective judgement and experience. The reasons for their doing so are that scattered data memory is short of unified format and standardization and that current data fail to reflect their dynamic cha...

Energy efficiency is the work done per unit amount of energy consumed. Maximizing energy efficiency is important as it allows more work to be done for a given energy budget and also allows work to be done faster for a given power budget. This has economic and environmental benefits as it minimizes the energy needed to do a given computation. While compute capability, in terms of the number of t...

our research is directed at revealing the way cbd is approached in terms of the decision tofinance the actions it entails, with specific reference to the case of romania, in the context of the international/european and national regulations. after referring to the foreign and romanian professional literature, we shallproceed with a synthetic approach of the objectives related to cbd and the sus...

when evaluating of the senior manager’s performance is based on the achieving to budget and they have responsibility to report the capacity of resources which are in their part too; it is possible to create budget slack and effect on their performance evaluation by providing pessimistic and conservatively estimates or manipulated information of income and expenses. so, senior manager and budget...