When joined to a stipulated neighborhood digraph, an objective function deÞned on the solution space of a real combinatorial optimization problem forms a landscape. Grover shows that landscapes satisfying a certain difference equation have properties favorable to local search. Studying only symmetric and regular neighborhood digraphs, Stadler deÞnes elementary landscapes as those which can be r...

Fitness landscapes are central in analyzing evolution, in particular for drug resistance mutations for bacteria and virus. We show that the fitness landscapes associated with antibiotic resistance are not compatible with any of the classical models; additive, uncorrelated and block fitness landscapes. The NK model is also discussed. It is frequently stated that virtually nothing is known about ...

Corridors have been proposed to reduce isolation and increase population persistence in frag mented landscapes, yet little research has evaluated the types of landscapes in which corridors will be most effective. I tested the hypothesis that corridors increase patch colonization by a butterfly, Junonia coenia, regardless of the butterfly’s initial distance from a patch. I chose J. coenia becaus...

Abstract This article argues that an expanded view of linguistic landscapes provides a useful metaphor for exploring language policies. Following this view, “language policy” is defined as “linguistic landscaping” (i.e., placing policy mechanisms which, together with already placed mechanisms, construct metaphorical landscape). The application landscaping has several advantages, it way to imagi...

objectives the current study aimed to compare the two methods based on the perceptions of the nurses working in neonatal intensive care units (nicu). patients and methods a comparative-descriptive study carried out on 35 nicu nurses in taleghani and al-zahra teaching hospitals in tabriz, iran, in 2013. data were collected by self-administered questionnaire (13 items). data analysis, including t...

This article supports the hypothesis that novels O tronco do ipê (1871) and Til (1872) are a significant reconfiguration of José Alencar’s narrative on national iden- tity in books such as Guarani (1858) Iracema (1865). These “plantation nov- els” were written amidst struggle surrounding future slavery, which Alencar was one leaders so-called slaveholding group Brazilian parliament. In order to...

MOOCs have brought unprecedented opportunities of making high-quality courses accessible to everybody. However, from the business point of view, MOOCs are often challenged for lacking of sustainable business models, and academic research for marketing strategies of MOOCs is also a blind spot currently. In this work, we try to formulate the business models and pricing strategies in a structured ...

In discrete-event simulation the process interaction view is appreciated in many different contexts, as it often provides the cleanest and simplest way to express models. However, this view is harder to implement than the more common event-oriented view. This is mostly due to the need for the simulation engine to support in a efficient way the coroutine-like semantics needed to implement the si...

In this conceptual paper, open innovation is considered from the point of view of collaboration between the Industry and the Academy. However, if considered under the framework of the Resource Based Theory, specifically regarding Transaction Cost, it can be shown that the two parties (Industry and Academy) are in fact compatible. The discussion on Transaction Cost is mainly focused on the aspec...