FLL’s are extensively used for fast carrier synchronization. A common approach to meet the wide acquisition range and sufficiently small tracking error requirements is to adopt the wide or narrow band FLL loop in the acquisition and tracking modes and direct switching the loop. The paper analyze the influence of direct switching on performance, including the narrow band loop convergence, transi...

A modified fully-digital PN code tracking loop is proposed for direct-sequence spread-spectrum communication. By taking advantage of the inherent diversity, a modified code tracking loop is embedded into a RAKE receiver to avoid problems caused by unstable locked points of error signals. Such unsteadiness of locked points often occurs with a conventional code tracking loop because the error sig...

Abstract This work evaluates the control algorithms applied to decentralized photovoltaic solar tracking systems. For this, strategies are divided into three: open loop, closed loop and hybrid loop. Each strategy is screened for its suitability as a suitable technology small-scale applications, defined by meeting set of eleven attributes. A specialized literature review process was developed sp...

The pure integrating process model with dead-time is inherently an unstable open-loop system. This paper presents a 2-DOF (2-degree of freedom) PID controller, based on the direct synthesis (DS) method, to improve set-point tracking and load disturbance rejection performance for processes time delays (PIPTD) models. controller consists linear rejecting in regulatory response filter relieving ov...

In this paper, the dynamic couplings among different inputs and outputs of a highly nonlinear spark ignition (SI) engine control problem during the cold start phase are evaluated by using relative gain array (RGA) technique. First, based on the experimental data, a multi-input multi-output model is developed to represent the engine dynamics. Second, the coupling among different inputs and outpu...

Received May 20, 2012 Revised Aug 20, 2012 Accepted Aug 26, 2012 Design and simulation of a simple power electronic interface for gridconnected PV array has been proposed using boost converter and linecommutated inverter with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller. The output of PV array varies with irradiation, and hence the duty cycle of the PI controller is adjusted automatically to ...