Isotropic optical focusing - the focusing of light with axial confinement that matches its lateral confinement, is important for a broad range of applications. Conventionally, such focusing is achieved by overlapping the focused beams from a pair of opposite-facing microscope objective lenses. However the exacting requirements for the alignment of the objective lenses and the method's relative ...

Homeoprotein transcription factors play fundamental roles in development, ranging from embryonic polarity to cell differentiation and migration. Research in recent years has underscored the physiological importance of homeoprotein intercellular transfer in eye field development, axon guidance and retino-tectal patterning, and visual cortex plasticity. Here, we have used the embryonic chick neur...

In the crystal structure of the title compound, {[MnNa(C(6)H(4)NO(3))(3)]·H(2)O}(n), the Mn(II) cation is located on a threefold rotation axis and is chelated by three 2-oxidopyridinium-3-carboxyl-ate (opc) anions in an octa-hedal coordination. The Na(I) cation is located on a threefold rotation axis and is surrounded by six O atoms from three opc anions. The opc anions link the Mn and Na catio...

The optical phase conjugation (OPC) has been proposed to compensate for the chromatic dispersion to improve the bit rate of the optical transmission 1 Recently, the OPC is demonstrated to improve the bit rate of the transmission of the 1.55 m signal in the standard fiber with the loss compensated by the erbium—doped fiber amplifiers.23 This technique in fact can also be applied to improve the p...

We report on a rare case of a laryngeal carcinoma arising in a multifocal pharyngolaryngeal oncocytic papillary cystadenoma (OPC). The disease of a 63-year-old man is well documented by computed and positron emission tomography, histology, and electron microscopy. We could show that an OPC can even develop in the pharynx. The coexistence of both tumors makes this a challenging diagnosis for pat...

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) (> 200 bp) play crucial roles in transcriptional regulation during numerous biological processes. However, it is challenging to comprehensively identify lncRNAs, because they are often expressed at low levels and with more cell-type specificity than are protein-coding genes. In the present study, we performed ab initio transcriptome reconstruction using eight puri...

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) undergo a series of energy-consuming developmental events; however, the uptake and trafficking pathways for their energy metabolites remain unknown. In the present study, we found that 2-NBDG, a fluorescent glucose analog, can be delivered between astrocytes and oligodendrocytes through connexin-based gap junction channels but cannot be transferred between...

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) was used to characterize the frequency-dependent dielectric relaxation phenomena in ordinary Portland cement (OPC) hydration in concrete changing from fresh to hardened state. The study was experimented by measuring the changes of GPR A-scan waveforms over a period of 90 days, and processed the waveforms with short-time Fourier transform (STFT) in joint time-frequ...

To comprehensively assess the in vivo expression of Candida albicans hydrolytic enzyme genes during oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC), a controlled sequential analysis of the temporal expression of individual members of the SAP (secretory aspartyl proteinase) gene family and PLB1 (phospholipase B) in a murine model of OPC was conducted. Acute infections in intact C3H and DBA/2 mice were terminate...

Candida albicans is an oral commensal yeast that causes oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) in immunocompromised individuals. The immunological pathways involved in OPC have been revisited after the interleukin-17 (IL-17) pathway was implicated in fungal immunity. We studied immediate (<24 h) and adaptive (3-6 day) IL-12 and IL-23-17 pathway activation in naive p40(-/-) mice, which lack IL-12 and I...