LetA be a finite-dimensional commutative algebra over the complex numbers with nonzero multiplicative identity element e. Let M denote the set of homomorphisms from A onto the complex numbers. Thus we get a homomorphism from A into the algebra of complex-valued functions on M, with respect to pointwise addition and multiplication of functions, by sending an element x of A to the function on M w...

Consider the problem of finding a constant curvature metric on a given closed 3-manifoldM . It is known that essential spheres and tori, (except in the case of flat manifolds), prevent the existence of such metrics, but it is unknown if there are other topological obstructions. We approach this issue by recasting it as a natural variational problem on the space of metrics M onM . The problem th...

In this paper, we consider gradient estimates on complete noncompact Riemannian manifolds (M, g) for the following general heat equation ut = ∆V u+ au log u+ bu where a is a constant and b is a differentiable function defined onM×[0,∞). We suppose that the Bakry-Émery curvature and the N -dimensional Bakry-Émery curvature are bounded from below, respectively. Then we obtain the gradient estimat...

The object of this paper is the relation between the Szegö kernel of an ample line bundle on a complex projective manifold, M , and the Szegö kernel of the induced polarization on the quotient of M by the holomorphic action of a compact Lie group, G. Let M be an n-dimensional complex projective manifold and L an ample line bundle on it. Suppose a connected compact Lie group G acts on M as a gro...

In the classical scheduling problems, it has been assumed that complete knowledge of the problem was available when it was to be solved. However, scheduling problems in the real world face the possibility of the lack of the knowledge. Uncertainties frequently encountered in scheduling environments include the appearance of new jobs and unknown processing times. In this work, we take into accoun...

In this article, we address one of the questions raised by Marc Rieffel in his collection of questions on deformation quantization. The question is whether the K-groups remain the same under flabby strict deformation quantizations. By “deforming” the question slightly, we produce a negative answer to the question. In his collection of questions on deformation quantization [8], Marc Rieffel aske...

OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency, types (disease states) and outcome of severe obstetric morbidity in patients presenting at a public-sector tertiary care hospital. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit II, Civil Hospital, Karachi, from April to September 2010. Consecutive cases of severe obstetric morbidity (near-miss), as defined by speci...

Background: Menstrual characteristics may serve as surrogate measures of endogenous estrogen and may be related to breast cancer risk. This case-control study investigated the relationship between menstrual factors and risk of breast cancer incidence in Iranian Center for Breast Cancer (ICBC). Materials and Methods: Forty seven Cases of breast cancer referred to ICBC and 77 controls were studie...

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) as other chronic diseases causes dependence and decreasing body control. It also causes unworthy unsafely, negative suggestions and decreasing of Self-confidence. The aim of this comparative study was comparing Selfconfidence in woman with and without PCOS according to their ages. Materials and Methods: This comparative study conducted between 100 wo...

The temperature-dependent conformational change of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) brushes in D2O was investigated as a function of the molecular weight (M) at a high grafting density with neutron reflection. PNIPAM chains with three different M values were grafted at the same high surface density from a gold surface by atom transfer radical polymerization. A significant change in the segm...