Questions pertaining to the admissibility of fixed sample size tests of hypotheses, when sequential tests are available, are considered. For the normal case with unknown mean, suppose the risk function is a linear combination of probability of error and expected sample size. Then any fixed sample size test, with sample size n⩾ 2, is inadmissible. On the other hand, suppose the risk function con...

One-sample and two-sample t-tests are commonly used in analyzing data from clinical trials in comparing mean responses from two drug products. During the planning stage of a clinical study, a crucial step is the sample size calculation, i.e., the determination of the number of subjects (patients) needed to achieve a desired power (e.g., 80%) for detecting a clinically meaningful difference in t...

This study aimed to investigate the effect of literary reading program on students’ abilities. also focused improving skills in inferential and critical context aspects. An experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest was used study. 100 student from fourth semester Extensive Reading Online Class as sample. The researchers purposeful sampling method choosing sample this research. resea...

Auditory steady-state responses (ASSR) are expected to be useful for the objective, frequency-specific assessment of hearing thresholds in small children. To detect ASSR close to the hearing threshold, a powerful statistical test has to be applied. At present, so-called one-sample tests are used. These tests only evaluate the phase, or the phase and amplitude, of the first harmonic, that is, th...

Consider inference with a small number of potentially heterogeneous clusters. Suppose estimating the model on each cluster yields q asymptotically unbiased, independent Gaussian estimators with potentially heterogeneous variances. Following Ibragimov and Müller (2010), one can then conduct asymptotically valid inference with a standard t-test based on the q cluster estimators, since at conventi...