abu hafs al-haddad was one of the masters and founders of malāmatiyya (or malamatis) in nishapur in the 9th century (about 3rd hijri century). through a deep study of ancient sources, in present article, we have rendered some valuable details about his life and family, some of the aspects that reflect the main lines of his thoughts have been made clear, on one hand; and the principles of malāma...

the purpose of this study was to assess exposure to hand-arm vibration in tiller users, forty users of tiller in northeastern provinces of iran were examined to measure hand-arm vibration parameters such as root mean square acceleration (rms), total equivalent acceleration, vibration dose value (vdv) and crest factor in three directions (x, y, and z) and various operating modes for comparing th...

conclusions there was a moderate level of knowledge, practices, perceives and beliefs in nurses and students for the importance of hand hygiene. compliance with the importance of hand hygiene in infection control is complex, and perceptual factors concerning hand hygiene, in addition to an individual’s knowledge could affect the behaviors related to hand hygiene compliance. background the curre...